Feminist Critique And Institutional Critique - 2079 Words

Introduction The museum in modern society is no longer a place for an unchallenged authority to civilize the barbaric masses, but instead a place fraught with conflicting views. Numerous artists and activists’ groups are performing critiques on museums for the ways they are still upholding anachronistic ideals and remain hegemonic, privileged, and patriarchal intuitions in society. This paper will be looking at these issues through the lens of Feminist critique and Institutional critique. This paper will analyse how Feminist art is de-contextualized and commercialized for use in museum spaces eliminating much of its radical meaning, and the limited successes and the failures of Instructional critique. This paper argues that while both Feminist and Institutional critiques are de-radicalized by being held within institutions, the critically specific and activist nature of feminist critique allows it to retain more power than Institutional critique. Feminist and Institutional cri tique will be contextualized by a case study in The Tate Modern museum, specifically the â€Å"Media Networks† gallery. The Tate Modern The Tate Modern stands proud and impressive on London’s Southbank. The formidable exterior of a former power plant emblazoned with the names of artists: Rauschenberg, Tillmans, Giacometti, Modigiliani (see Figure 1). These artists are some of the greatest artists of the twentieth century; some of the best male artists of the twentieth century. Regardless of it’s faà §ade,Show MoreRelatedFeminist Critique Of Feminism And Media Essay2134 Words   |  9 PagesFeminist Critique of â€Å"Feminism and Media† The main introductory label in â€Å"Feminism and Media† features an incredibly small amount of text compared to the other room labels. It also does not attempt to show a variety of views about feminist art, and those it does express focus solely on personal appearance. 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Her resignation, and location both in and out of the academy informed a lot of theRead MoreThe Trouble With Normal By Michael Warner976 Words   |  4 Pagesnature of placing the fight for legal marriage rights at the forefront of LGBTQ activism, although they do also introduce emerging improvements with the increasingly intersectional awareness of modern advocacy efforts. Warner contends that the institutional system of marriage implicates couples who are not married as being â€Å"less worthy† than their married counterparts, not just through the tangible benefits of marriage but through the social capital a married couple has over an unmarried couple or

The Penn Foster Career School Small Business Management...

Introduction There are certain skills you need to manage a small business. The Penn Foster Career School Small Business Management Program helps you learn them quickly and conveniently (Small Business Management, n.d). Sophia’s Car Mart Limited will provide low income earners with affordable and reliable used cars, its primary target being parents/guardians of existing university students and graduates who have just entered corporate Jamaica. Sophia’s Car Mart Limited will also provide after sale services to its customers by servicing vehicles and stocking spare parts. The company is a limited liability company incorporated in Jamaica on January 1, 2016 with its registered office at 72 – 76 Harbour Street, Kingston. The company came into†¦show more content†¦We are committed to providing an excellent product and after sales service and being a good corporate citizen, while we grow and enhance stakeholders’ value. Our empowered and motivated employees are eager and dedicated to the company’s goals and objectives. We intend to expand our business locally to other parishes to serve a wider cross-section of customers, which will also be beneficial to corpora te citizens, employees and stakeholders. Employees The management team will comprise professional covering a wide spectrum of experience and knowledge. †¢ General Manager with responsibility for planning, organizing, coordinating and carrying out the general functions of the enterprise, working with the co-operation of the other members of the management team. †¢ Financial Controller who has the responsibility for developing the financial policy of the company. †¢ Human Resource Manager with responsibility for development and monitoring of the company’s plans and budget for personnel and training. †¢ Marketing Manager and is responsible for the development and implementation of marketing strategies and plans, including advertising and promotions activities, preparation of market budgets and coordination of the marketing team. †¢ Executive Auto Technician, who will head the Auto Service Repairs Division of the company which will provide service to all units sold and to ensure productivity and cost reduction initiatives. †¢

Employee Satisfaction Level for Social Structures- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEmployee Satisfaction Level for Social Structure. Answer: In the current era, organizations represent themselves as very common social structures as because of their dynamic nature. However, the employees working in the organizations are the major role players because it is through their commitment and effective involvement that a particular organization becomes competitive in the marketplace. Although the relation in between the employees and their organization is interdependent, both the parties have influence on each others ability for achieving a positive outcome (Carter et al., 2013). However, the paper is going to elaborate on to what extent does the satisfaction level of the employees determines the brand reputation and internal culture of an organization. In most of the cases, the perception and the satisfaction level of the employees create organizational culture (Biswas Bhatnagar, 2013). Strong and powerful culture constructs an unified working atmosphere in an organization, whereas weak internal culture always lacks in shared sense of difference in between the employees. The satisfaction level of an employee encompasses a significant place in the list of main concerns of the HRM department of the organizations. This is due to two reasons. The first is that satisfaction level of the employees helps in retaining more employees and the second is that, it also raises the performance level of theirs. It is very difficult to build a successful organization if the employee turnover in the organization is excessive. Finding out new employees or candidates, then training them from the very base and later integrating them into the actual business not only takes a lot of time but also costs a lot. This may also result in lowering the overall morale. Along with a powerful company culture, which encourages the people to come to work every day, the retention number of employees too gets increased. The stronger the culture, the less will be the possibility of the employees to leave the organization. As described by Adhikari and Deb (2013), job satisfaction is a combination of physiological, environmental and psychological circumstances, which makes a man to say that he is not satisfied with his job. Furthermore, Vlachos, Panagopoulos and Rapp (2013), too have stated that job satisfaction refers to something for which an employee feels how good he is in the organization. However, a basic knowledge and understanding of culture is very important for understanding formal and informal behaviors of the employees. The organizational culture affects an employee both directly and indirectly. It affects employees productivity, performances, effectiveness, innovativeness, decision-making, leadership and his level of job satisfaction. A supportive culture trait within an organization such as of motivation, growth opportunities, supervisory support and communication makes the employees feel entitled to behave and think as leaders within their domain. Low satisfaction level of the employee job satisfaction depicts weak organizational culture (Zopiatis, Constanti Theocharous, 2014). Weak organizational culture refers to such an internal culture within the organization that is not implanted deeply into the process and organization does its things. Within a weak internal culture, there exists poor motivation and common factors for the employees as well as lack of focus. Employees in such a company are generally lost as far as the norms and core values within the company and they are unaware of their roles and duties that are expected from them. Giving the employees an ideal cultural working environment in which working is much more than just stopping themselves from quitting, it is about making them feel invested in their respective jobs. When an organization creates a culture in which its employees really love to work, they will for sure feel that their office is elaboration of their home (Pfeffer, 2014). Hence, they then will feel both passionate and excited regarding the work that they are doing. The more passionate are the workers, the more will be their production, innovation and creativity. When an employee feels satisfied with his work, he is likely to give better performance and productivity than when he was less satisfied. This will ultimately reflect the true culture of the organization. In other words, analysis of employee satisfaction works as a tool to assess the organizational or internal culture of a firm. Employee satisfaction and a strong reputation are related in various ways. The employees who are not satisfied have the potential to damage the reputation of a business (Horn et al., 2015). The satisfied employees are likely to put extra efforts as they feel valued. Furthermore, studies have shown that there is 87% less likelihood of the well-satisfied employees to leave their respective organizations as compared to the unsatisfied employees. Treating the employees poorly would never encourage their enthusiasm for the work and loyalty to the brand of the organization. This for sure, will not only have a detrimental impact on the internal environment of the company but will also affect its external reputation a lot as well. Employee satisfaction also measures their attachment and relationship with their organizations, their job roles and responsibilities, their relationship with their colleagues as well the working culture of the organization (Dhar, 2015). The level of satisfaction wi ll both positively and negatively affects the willingness of the employees to do the work beyond their responsibilities. They no longer care about working for making the customers of the organization feel valued and taken acre by the brand. Researchers have also found out that the companies with highly satisfied employees have high brand reputation. Low level of employee satisfaction is directly related to poor service and quality and high employee turnover, low company morale, safety incidents and fall in reputation. All this affect the ultimate profit of a company and their public image. Common public does not take much time to notice that there is a decline in the service. The main aim of employee satisfaction is to reduce the negative impact that could cause the brand reputation to suffer and could snowball. Hence, it can be concluded from the above discussion that the job satisfaction level of an employee do determine the internal organizational culture and the brand reputation of organizations. It can be depicted from his performance, productivity, and well being that he is indeed happy with his work. Furthermore, the employees who are not at all satisfied have no motivation to confirm the standard of service of the company. References: Adhikari, K., Deb, P. (2013). Factors influencing job satisfaction of bank employees.Sumedha Journal of Management,2(2), 22. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/18555846/Job_Satisfaction_of_Bank_Employees_A_Study_with_reference_to_United_Bank_of_India Biswas, S., Bhatnagar, J. (2013). Mediator analysis of employee engagement: role of perceived organizational support, PO fit, organizational commitment and job satisfaction.Vikalpa,38(1), 27-40. Retrieved from https://www.vikalpa.com/pdf/articles/2013/jan-mar-vol-38-1-27-40.pdf Carter, M. Z., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Mossholder, K. W. (2013). Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), 942-958. Retrieved from https://business.troy.edu/Portal/Data/Sites/1/userfiles/46/carter-et-al-job2013.pdf Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, 419-430. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/20df/1f003cc6009bb6fdc345dd311c7a9b337c42.pdf Horn, I. S., Taros, T., Dirkes, S., Her, L., Rose, M., Tietmeyer, R., Constantinides, E. (2015). Business reputation and social media: A primer on threats and responses.Journal of direct, data and digital marketing practice,16(3), 193-208. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/dddmp.2015.1 Pfeffer, J. (2014). Business and the spirit: Management practices that sustain values. InHandbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance(pp. 43-59). Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0971685816689741 Vlachos, P. A., Panagopoulos, N. G., Rapp, A. A. (2013). Feeling good by doing good: Employee CSR-induced attributions, job satisfaction, and the role of charismatic leadership.Journal of business ethics,118(3), 577-588. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10551-012-1590-1 Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P., Theocharous, A. L. (2014). Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus.Tourism Management,41, 129-140. Retrieved from https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/13142/1/13142_1-s2.0-S0261517713001751-main.pdf

Biophysical Lab Report free essay sample

There are many patterns that can be observed throughout our environment. In this experiment, the temperatures of organisms in a biophysical environment were analyzed to see if a pattern could be recognized that was related to the behavior of an ectotherm. An ectotherm is an organism that relies on the environment to regulate its body temperature. Organisms such as Pseudemys (turtles) and Lacertilia (lizards) are examples or ectotherms. After arriving at Maxcy Gregg Park and analyzing the temperatures of four microhabitats within two habitats with infrared thermometers, the temperatures were compared between the microhabitats. Then, one habitat was chosen to analyze the temperatures between temperatures of ectotherms using I-buttons that were placed inside Peeps. After the five Peeps? were placed in each microhabitat our predictions were that as the ectothermal organism increased in elevation, the temperature of the organism would decrease do to access to the wind and convection (Biology 301 Handout 2013 Thermal Enviroments). After gathering the temperatures from the I-buttons, over a twenty minute reading in each microhabitat the data was organized in Excel? to be placed into an ANOVA? calculation to calculate the null hypothesis. Once the p value was compared to alpha (. 05) it was determined to be significant because the p value was lower than alpha. Therefore it is clear that the body temperature of an ectotherm could be affected by the elevation of the organism and convection. For future experiments in this subject it would be more beneficial to test microhabitats that vary more in temperature to truly be able to analyze the factors of thermoregulation in microhabitats. Introduction: The thermoregulation of ectotherms such as reptiles and insects has increased in â€Å"concern about the impacts of global warming on biodiversity†¦ into direct impacts on living animals that remain simplistic† (Kearney, Shine, Porter, 1). Unlike mammals, ectotherms â€Å"have variable body temperatures. Because physiological rates are temperature sensitive, an ectotherm’s behavioral and ecological performance†¦ can be influenced by body temperature† (Huey, Kingsolver, p. 131-135). The habitats chosen in this lab were under a large oak tree and in a shaded area in the front of the park. The habitat under the oak tree was used to analyze the microhabitats within it, one at the ground of the tree and one on a branch of the tree, six feet above the ground. Through analyzing the microhabitats of Maxcy Gregg Park it was predicted that the elevation, related to wind availability and convection, is a pattern that could affect ectothermal organisms by decreasing the body temperature of the ectotherm as the organism increases in elevation. Materials and Methods: After the lab members arrived at Maxcy Gregg Park groups were formed to analyze the habitat of Maxcy Gregg Park (taking into account the water access, common vegetation, and five temperature readings) and recording the observations. Within one of the habitats the groups analyzed two microhabitats within the habitat. The microhabitats were found by analyzing the temperature differences within the habitat. The temperature differences of the two microhabitats were taken by using infrared thermometers. A group member held the thermometer very close to the microhabitat and pressed the button on top for five different temperature readings (in degrees Celsius), these temperatures were recorded. The groups then found another habitat within Maxcy Gregg Park and repeated the steps from the first two microhabitats to two more microhabitats within the new habitat. The groups then analyzed the recordings of the infrared temperatures within the four microhabitats. A hypothesis was constructed about the ectotherms ability to sustain in the microhabitats the group analyzed. Since two microhabitats were on the ground, with more coverage, and had a higher temperature than the two other microhabitats that were more exposed to conditions and were higher in elevation, the group concluded that if an ectotherm is higher in elevation and exposed to conditions such as wind the body temperature of that organism will be lower than an ectotherm on the ground. The group then chose one of the two habitats to further investigate its microhabitats. The habitat with the biggest temperature difference between the infrared readings of the two microhabitats was the one chosen by the group. The group used ten I-buttons, temperature-recording devices, and ten marshmallow Peeps to analyze the temperatures of ectothermal organisms within microhabitats. The small I-buttons were taken out of ice water and pressed into a hole that was made with then end of a pen cap into the bottom of the marshmallow Peeps. Then five were immediately placed into each microhabitat for twenty minutes. The time that the Peeps were placed into the microhabitats was immediately recorded. Twenty minutes later the stop time was recorded and the group took the I-buttons out of the Peeps, recorded the serial numbers of the I-buttons corresponding to the microhabitat they were placed in and then returned the materials to the lab TA and the Peeps were discarded. Back in the laboratory, the data from the I-buttons was collected and put into a spreadsheet by a TA and put of Blackboard. sc. edu for the lab groups to use to use the data. The groups gathered at a computer to put the data from Maxcy Gregg Park into Excel to eventually be able to run an ANOVA. First, two charts (Figures 1 and 2) were made, one for temperatures from microhabitat one and the next for microhabitat two (labeled Branch and Ground. ) The groups started by making a column in each of the two charts for time elapsed, then the temperatures for each minute (recorded from the I-buttons) were put into the next five columns (Biology 301 Handout, Graphing Populus Data pg 1-4). Then the average of each of the five I-button readings were put into the seven column of each of the two charts. To find the average in Excel they typed â€Å"=AVERAGE (highlight all cells to be averaged)† in the function box and selected the box where the answer should go. Then, dragged the blue marker in the corner of the box down the column to find all of the averages (Biology 301 Handout, Graphing Populus Data pg 1-4). The standard deviation of the five I-button readings was put into the eight column of each of the two charts. To find the standard deviation a group member typed â€Å"=STDEV(highlight all cells to be averaged)† in the function box and selected the box where the answer was needed. Then, dragged the blue marker in the corner of the box down the column to find all of the standard deviations (Biology 301 Handout, Graphing Populus Data pg 1-4). The confidence interval for each minute of the five I-buttons was then calculated and put into the ninth column of each of the two charts. To find the confidence interval, a group member typed â€Å"=CONFIDENCE(alpha (. 05, standard dev of the row you are calculating from, and the sample size (5))†in the function box and select the box where the answer was needed. Then, dragged the blue marker in the corner of the box down the column to find all of the confidence intervals (Biology 301 Handout, Graphing Populus Data pg 1-4). The final two columns of the to charts were the upper and lower confidence intervals for each microhabitat. The upper confidence intervals were calculated and put in column ten. A group member calculated the upper confidence interval in each chart by, finding the average (from the row of the same minute) for the microhabitat and adding it to the confidence interval, and repeated for every minute elapsed in both charts. The lower confidence interval was then calculated and put in column eleven of each of the two charts. This was done by subtracting the average for each row (minute elapsed) by the confidence interval for that particular microhabitat. This was repeated for each minute elapsed. Then a new chart was created in Excel (below the previous two, but on the same page) by copying and pasting the time elapsed column, then the confidence intervals, averages, and upper and lower confidence intervals for both microhabitats. Then the groups preformed an ANOVA in Excel by clicking in a blank cell and hitting â€Å"data† then â€Å"data analysis† from the Data menu. Single factor ANOVA was then selected, and a group member clicked the red arrow in the ANOVA menu to ‘input range. ’ Then by highlighting the entire data set needed for the ANOVA (the time elapsed, the average, the confidence interval, and upper and lower confidence intervals for each microhabitat) and clicking the red arrow to ‘output range’ and selecting a single blank cell to place the output. Then the group member selected â€Å"okay† and the p value was indicated in the ANOVA chart that was generated in Excel (Figure 4. ) After analyzing the p value given in the ANOVA to the alpha, the group found that the p value (. 305201) was less than alpha (. 05) and the null hypothesis was rejected. Then a line graph was generated in Excel to display the data from the I-buttons (Figure 5. ) By clicking â€Å"Design† and â€Å"Line graph† and selecting the type of graph the group wanted they were able to select the data from the charts that were already created to generate a line graph.

Big Movies essays

Big Movies essays The discovery of cloning can be both beneficial and harmful to society. There are many reasonable methods of cloning. For instance, the use of cloning for medical purposes can be helpful in taking human DNA and creating new body parts. Because of the shortage of donors, this could become a valuable asset to our society. Cloning of human body parts can also be harmful if it gets into the wrong hands. Cloning should be controlled by the government to the extent there is no possible way it will be misused. Cloning in the field of medicine could have practical applications. For example, genes from humans that produce necessary proteins could be included in the animal DNA so that the animal would produce that protein in its milk or blood. That protein could then be extracted and used in treatment for various human diseases or disorders. This could lead to the prevention and/or cure for AIDS and cancer. Genetic defects could also be cured with cloning technology. A genetic defect is a mutation in which the DNA has been altered and caused an abnormality in the body. People who wish to have a child could be tested for possible mutations in the DNA, and a genetic solution could be created and injected into the still developing egg. Mutations are natural, but when an abnormality occurs its a hard thing for a person to live with. Through cloning technology, genetic defects could be treated enabling the person affected the possibility of longer life. When transplants are needed, it could give physicians the ability to create body parts through DNA. For example, a kidney can be grown outside the body using the patients own DNA and used in a transplant without the fear of rejection. Although correcting genes and creating body parts is good, I think it would be harmful for a human to be cloned. For instance, a child that is born from a cloned embryo would have a picture taken of him/her, along with a description of the child a ...

Free Enterprise and Fascism essays

Free Enterprise and Fascism essays Free enterprise and individualist democracy is a good political system. Probably the best system mankind could come up with so far. Countries, whose governments belong to free enterprise, have the world's leading economic structures and are the wealthiest. Now historical analysis shows, that nations tend to switch between types of governments. Even in the US, there's an infinitive struggle for power between democrats and republicans. The first step of a government's shift towards socialism is taking all means of production away from general ownership by people in its own hands, either by direct use of force or by assigning of labor unions to itself. In a situation where all means of production in the country are controlled by its government, there will already be a hint of tension inside the governing institution as to who has more power and who will control more important aspects. Mass man, as a model, or even a starting line, will, of course, affect the individuals fighting for power and people who have more than others will want to have more, which will eventually bring to very few individuals controlling almost everything. Now obviously, the last line brings to mind the definition of fascism, which would be the outcome. Another point that could be brought is that no matter how good the system is, people who live under will never like 100% of it. Something will always be wrong, and if officials fix what's wrong, people will find something else because there are just too many people who have nothing better to do than check government's work over and over and over again. This can lead to a situation when someone with an exceptional orator's abilities and lots of guts will literally get up on the tribune and publically promise better times. The world has seen those "someones" in figures of Joe Stalin, Bennitto Mussolini, Adolf Hitler and others. Fascism oligarchy comes around when police and military forces are unable to keep ...

Effective Team and Performance Management Assignment - 1

Effective Team and Performance Management - Assignment Example It also discusses the critical factors affecting team performance and changes required for management of team and performance in the organizational context. Table of Contents 1.Executive Summary 2 2.Introduction 4 3.A Brief Idea of Team Dynamics and Team Formation 5 3.1 Phases of Team Formation 6 3.2 Stages of Group Development 8 3.3 Team Structure 10 4.Factors Affecting Team Performance 11 5.Changes to Be Occurred In the Team through Recommendations 12 6.Identification of Relevant Changes in Leadership and Management Styles 13 7.Conclusion 15 8.References 16 2. Introduction A team can be considered as a group of individuals who are involved for performing different functions towards accomplishing a desired objective. They are required for conducting complex tasks that are assigned by higher authorities in an organizational context. The imperative features of team can be noted as having stronger personalities, possessing effective development of specialized skills and commitment towa rds accomplishing varieties of personal objectives (Quick, 1992). In this similar context, the case study also relates to the issue of effective team and management of performance within the organisation. The case study is related to Electron which is regarded as a manufacturing company engaged in producing components particularly for the telecommunications sector. The company was founded in the year 1997 in the northern region of England. The company possess 150 members, amongst which 90 members are engaged in the department of production. Various departments that have been noted to be operated in Electron are production, marketing and sales, engineering finance and human resource. The company consists of both temporary and permanent employees. The objective of the company is to develop the culture of the company, enhance productivity, provide efficient services to the customers and most significantly gain superior competitive position. The case study focuses on team building aspec ts which are required for maintaining the efficiency of work within Electron, so that effective productivity can be carried out among the team members for the attainment of organisational objectives. In this regard, team building therefore can be signified as a necessary skill that every manager of different organisations focuses on. For developing an organized team, positive attitudes and structured approaches of leadership is required by the managers for handling employees effectively and efficiently (Maddux, 1994). The paper intends to discuss on team dynamics and team formation along with the factors affecting team performance. Moreover, the paper also gives a viewed knowledge about stages of group development as well as changes to be required in Electron to maintain organisational efficiency. 3. A Brief Idea of Team Dynamics and Team Formation According to Belbin’s model, team dynamics is generally utilised by multinational organisations that are involved in creating, re searching and developing new products, processes or solutions. It is considered as a growing trend. Team dynamics can be successful with the quality supervision of a particular team leader for the accomplishment of organisational targets persuaded by the employees and management in the organizational context (Dogaru, 2012). The contribution provides by team leader in the system of team dynamics can be identified as forming coordination amid the team members

The Amyloid Formation by Amyloid precursor protein and its role in Essay

The Amyloid Formation by Amyloid precursor protein and its role in Alzheimer's disease - Essay Example y have been identified so far, with each disease having a characteristic and distinct clinico-pathological profile and each disease associated with aggregation of a specific single protein or peptide that is dominant (Chitti and Dobson, 2008). One such classical disease in which there is disordered accumulation of protein is Alzheimers disease and the protein that is accumulated is amyloid. In this essay, the role of amyloid in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease will be discussed with reference to its production, deposition, alteration, regulation, processing and trafficking, through review of suitable literature. Alzheimers disease (AD) is a common degenerative disease of the brain that leads to dementia (Anderson, 2010). Infact, it is the most common cause of dementia and is incurable. The disease is an acquired condition in which there is impairment of cognition and behavior of the individual that is severe enough to disrupt normal occupational and social functioning of the individual. AD is a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity, impairment and economic consequences (Anderson, 2010). More often than not, the disease is mainly diagnosed after 65 years of age, although, an early-onset variety of AD does exists which presents much early. According to Brookmeyer et al (2007), 1 in 85 people in the world are likely to suffer from AD by 2050. The course of the disease is different for different individuals and thus is the prognosis. The most common early symptom, which is often ignored as an aging feature or stress consequence is the lack of ability to acquire new m emories. Other symptoms include changes in cognition and behavior of the individual like irritability, confusion, aggression, mood swings, breakdown in language, withdrawal and long term loss of memory. As the age advances, various functions of the body are gradually lost, terminating in death. AD imposes severe burden on the caregivers and can influence various aspects of

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 51

Journal - Essay Example The kind of affection author described is unusual now a days, when biological parents give up their children for adoption and single mothers abort their unborn ones for the sake of their convince. Her affection is even with the gifts Joe gifted her; is surprising. Next thing which is totally explicit these days is the kind of hospitality the story entails like Joe and Joe’s wife towards Maria. However, in the tram ‘Maria’ is also displayed in a situation where young generation is giving up traditional etiquettes for elderly, like giving up one’s seat for them due to their age and respectable position in society. Many of the critics believe that since ‘Clay’ is an Irish story therefore, the author interweaved and depicted Ireland’s geographical and political situation through Maria’s tale. The Christian beliefs and their respect is also a significant factor in the tale, which enables the reader to comprehend how people of fate feel and act when they have a religious and spiritual event to attend to. Most shockingly though ‘Maria’ was fat, short woman with a big nose, but readers find her satisfied with her ordinary looks and poor financial condition. She is a contended person who has no complexes about her social and physical position. The story narrates how one should be contended in his own body without regretting about his looks, social and financial position (Attridge,

Changes In Global Trade And Financial Flows Economics Essay

Changes In Global Trade And Financial Flows Economics Essay Globalisation is the increasing level of economic integration between countries leading to the surfacing of a new market place. Globalisation has resulted in a reduction in trade protection. This is because of the increased interaction between countries has led to the possibility to purchase goods with similar quality to those developed locally, but for a cheaper price. Financial flows throughout the global economy have immensely increased due to more interaction. In the early 1970s industrial development took place in developing countries, so companies moved production oversees, allowing for lower production costs mainly due to cheap labour. In 1983 the financial system was de-regulated and the exchange rate was floated. This means that the value of the Australian dollar is determined by the supply and demand of the currency. This led to greater accessibility of Australian firms to world capital markets and reduced exporting costs. But this increased the instability of the exchange rate. In the late 1980s Australian manufacturers were persuaded to export to the international market through tariffs, subsidies, local content schemes and quotas. This was in order for them to survive in the large international market. There have been major changes in trade patterns that reflect changes in the global economy. An example is the growth of China being directly related to the demand of raw materials. The increased volume of trade between countries can also be attributed to advances in technologies and new trade agreements such as the Australia United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA). Trade growth is also due to the increase in demand of the resources that Australia has high amounts of. The constantly growing Asian economies demand raw materials that Australian companies extract from the land support growth in certain industries. An example of this is the trade between Australia and China. China is in demand of resource commodities in order to expand their infrastructure and support the 8% growth rate. Explain why globalisation has resulted in a reduction of trade protection Trade protection is a form of regulation that is imposed by a government in order to protect certain industries from cheaper oversees alternatives. Globalisation has resulted in a reduction of trade protection. This is because of increased production possibilities in developing countries that have lower wage rates than developing countries, leading to lower costs and greater profits. The removal of trade barriers can occur because a certain country can: Produce a good not available in another country Produce a good for a cheaper price than goods produced locally Produce a good more efficiently, allowing another country to focus on goods that they can produce efficiently Produce a good that is of better quality because of development of technical skills. However, there are trade protection rules in place in order to protect certain industries and to reduce effects of off shoring on domestic markets. Reasons for protection include: Infant Industries: These are industries that are at the beginning of the product lifecycle and have yet to establish themselves in the market. Therefore they have not yet experienced economies of scale (have not produced enough so that the cost of producing is lower in bulk). Because of this it is very difficult for them to compete with large foreign competitors, who take advantage of economies of scale and offer their products at lower prices, domestically. Although this is a reason for protection, if it is not removed at the correct time the industry may become reliant on government protection and never mature. Therefore a balance must be found between protection and allowing domestic industries to mature. Dumping: This refers to the selling of goods in export markets for a cheaper price than the cost of production. This creates revenue for the exporters that are dumping, but destroys the market for the importing company as they cannot compete with the cheap prices. Dumping is prohibited because of its potential to destroy industries quickly. Dumping may occur because a company wishes to: Gain market share, to reduce excess stock or to deliberately destroy competitive, domestic producers. Dumping also affects employment levels, because consumers will purchase the cheaper good, as the law of demand states the lower the price, the more demand there will be. Domestic Employment: Cheap imports reduce the market share of producers because of consumers purchasing cheaper products. As a result of this unemployment may occur in a certain industry because they may not compete. There may be structural change in the domestic economy because of this inability to compete. An example of this is in the United States in the 1980s where consumers preferred cheaper Japanese alternatives, therefore employment in the car industry decreased rapidly and the structure of the domestic economy changed to specialisation in the computer industry. Explain how trading blocs have impacted on protection levels Trading blocs are intergovernmental, multilateral agreements between countries within an area that decrease regulation on each others exports. Trading blocs have impacted on levels of protection. Since trading blocs are intergovernmental agreements, there must be deregulation in order to achieve maximum trade efficiency. An increase in the amounts of trading blocs internationally has led to a decrease in protection levels between countries in the trading blocs. An example of a trading bloc that has eliminated all trade barriers between the members is the European Union. This was established in 1993 and, although there is minimum regulation, there remains a common tariff between the members. The reasons that countries would want to join a trading bloc are: Improved growth, increased efficiency through importing cheaper goods and services, increased competition, economies of scale (larger markets due to free trade, investment in production due to increased trade and increased technolog y. Explain the consequences of deregulation on financial markets Deregulation of financial markets is where the banks have regulations removed from them. Between the years of 1983 and 1985 the financial system was deregulated by: The cessation of interest rate constraints on banks. This allowed banks to, more efficiently, fight for business (in the form of deposits and loans). Floating the Australian dollar: This is where the value of the currency is determined by the supply and demand of that certain currency. This changes the cost to import from or export to Australia, because the value of the dollar fluctuates. There is an inverse relation between the value of the dollar and the cost to import/export from/to Australia. Granting 40 foreign exchange licenses: This allowed foreign banks to enter the Australian financial system, and was done in order to boost competitiveness in the financial sector. In order to make the Australian banks more competitive, the procedure to set up domestic institutions was made more simple. The consequences of de-regulation are to do with the effects of speculation on appreciation and depreciation of the currency. When there is speculation that the value of the Australian dollar will rise, more people will purchase when it is still low. This increased demand will then cause the dollar to rise because of the floating exchange rate (as shown above). This in turn will have a negative effect on exports from Australia because the currency is worth more in comparison to others. An example is if the USA are importing goods from Australia with the Australian dollar buying 40 US cents. There will be more exports from Australia at this exchange rate in comparison to when 1 Australian dollar will by 1 US Dollar. Outline the role of the WTO, IMF and the World Bank in the global Economy The World Trade Organisation is a global establishment that supervises and implements rules controlling global trade. It is at the middle of decreasing trade protection and barriers. The trade policies that are determined by the WTO and multilateral agreements have expanded world trade; therefore it is seen as a symbol of globalisation. The accomplishment of the WTO in decreasing obstructions to trade and encouraging globalisation can be attributed to a reduction in mainly tariffs and quotas. This is done by: Enforcing international agreements and trade rules: Controlling trade disputes Observing trade policies Supervise trade negotiations While many countries have based their development on export and support globalisation entirely, there are many opponents to globalisation that have hindered the WTOs protection reduction scheme through protesting. This is known as the anti-globalisation process and is undertaken by numerous individuals/organisations because they are opposed to transnational corporations having un-regulated power and specifically because of profit maximisation leading to reducing costs which may lead to a more dangerous work place. The success of the WTO is measured by world trade figures. The amount of merchandise trade exports in 1990 was 14 times bigger than in 1950. The International Monetary fund is an establishment that has been set up with the intention to help countries finance trade and assist with balance of payments. Its prime intention is to guarantee steadiness of the worldwide financial structure, the system of exchange rates and worldwide payments that allows countries and its people to purchase goods and services from each other. In short it promotes globalisation. This is completed by loaning funds to nations in crisis to aid them in paying debts, imports and stabilising currencies. Examples of nations needing financial aid are Russia in 1998, many countries in Asia in 1998 and Argentina in 2003. The countries that obtain help from the IMF usually have conditions imposed on them. The types of conditions that the IMF imposes include: An increase in taxes Decreasing financial assistance on food and fuel Requiring members to disclose monetary and fiscal policies Since these reduce the living conditions of the impoverished, the IMF is frequently perceived as supporting global capital at the expense of the poor. It is, in addition, criticised for pushing nations at the beginning of the economic life cycle to open their economies, float their currencies, and reduce manufacturing and trade barriers. Since there are lags, it takes a while for the income levels to rise and demonstrate the benefits of these actions undertaken by the IMF. The World Bank is built as an organisation for financially supporting long standing expansion scheme for developing nations. The loans that are made towards these developing nations have a very low interest rate and are commonly referred to as soft loans. It not only lends money cheaply to developing nations, but also enforces procedures in order to endorse trade, boost exports and deregulation. An example of this is where some farmers in certain impoverished nations are persuaded to harvest produce for global demand, rather than for neighbouring areas. This may be done in order to boost profits from exports for the entire country. Although this may have a negative impact on local areas because rather than having those supplies used for the locals, they are used, instead for use in exports. Analyse how the global credit crisis has changed global trade and financial flows The global credit crisis has affected global trade and financial flows within the economy greatly. The following trade statistics show the trade numbers between the years 2005-08. Year Imports Exports 2004 9.5 10.5 2005 6 6.5 2006 6.5 8.5 2007 2 6 2008 -12 1.5 The trend of the data can be analysed in the following graph. Results taken from World Trade Organisation website: http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its10_toc_e.htm From the results above it can be seen that between the years 2004 and 2008 there was a drastic decrease in the export and import numbers internationally from 10.5% to -12%. This was due to the effects of the Global Credit Crisis. This will be shown below The global credit crisis began having major impacts in 2007, and still has major impacts on most economies in 2010. The global credit crisis began in the 1980s, where gigantic companies produced mechanical goods. At the end of the decade these firms identified that much more money could be made by investing into the financial industry. An example of a company that took part in this exercise was GE, who by the 90s, was making 10 times more money in investment, than in the production of goods. Due to the amount of cheap loans available, they borrowed much and became in debt. This money was then used to invest in financial bubbles. At first hefty profits were made, and many companies followed suit and by 2005 there was 14 so much money invested in speculation, that in value it equalled 14 times the value of the American economy. Debt began being offered to low income earners to in order to make more money and they could not pay it off. This had an incredible impact on the rest of the wo rld, showing the theory that when America sneezes, everybody catches a cold. Australia was one of the less affected countries due to its link with China. The global credit crisis had a large effect on global trade and financial flows. They include: Less demand for goods and services: Since there was far less demand, the price of elastic goods and service will go down, translating into less production, leading to greater unemployment. From this unemployment, there will be less household income therefore less goods and services will be bought. It was like a never ending circle. Less availability of credit: After the banks had gone bankrupt, there was no body to lend money to consumers, meaning spending was minimal. Rapidly decreasing Gross Domestic Product -Australia has developed a foreign debt of almost $A500 billion from borrowing money in order to fix the extended account deficit. There have been major changes in trade patterns that reflect the changes in the global economy. The rapid growth of China and the export of their manufactured goods, have led to a massive increase of raw materials demanded of certain countries like Australia. Results show that in 2003 the exports from Australia to China were triple what they were in 1990. This ever growing link between Asia and Australia has such a large importance that one of the objectives of ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) is to have Australia join so that free trade can occur between them. In conclusion it can be said that the structure and target of Australian trade is greatly affected by the trends of the global economy.

The Tempest: Allegorical to the Bible Essay examples -- English Litera

The Tempest: Allegorical to the Bible The Tempest is not a pure fantasy tale, but a purposeful allegory. The characters in the play are all representative of characters found in the bible. The first, and perhaps most persuasive, arguement would be Prospero symbolizing God. Prospero is seen to be a representative of God for several reasons. First, he is obviously in control of the actions and has an omnipotent quality. This has been demonstrated by several scenes throughout the play. Consider the power that Prospero possesses, as shown in the Epilogue at the closing of the play: I have bedimmed The mooontide sun, called forth the mutinous winds, And 'twixt the green sea and the azured vault Set roaring war. . . . The strong-based promontory Have I made shake, and by the spurs plucked up The pine and cedar. Graves, at my command, Have waked their sleepers, oped and let them forth By my so potent art (V. i. 41-4, 46-50). These are obviously superhuman works. In fact, Prospero claims quite definitely that he possesses the power of mighty Zeus himself, for not only does he say that he can make lightning, but he declares that he has actually used the god's own thunderbolt (Still 6): To the dread rattling thunder Have I given fire, and rifted Jove's stout oak With his own bolt. Having already established that Prospero is the possessor of superhuman power, why would Shakespeare include this information except solely for alligorical purposes (Still 7)? This information serves no purpose except to establish Prospero as a god. Prospero is also seen in the play performing several roles that Christianity traditionally assign to God: that of the Omnipotent Judge and the Savior of Man. Prospero is revealed to be the Omnipotent Judge through a speech given by Ariel (Still 7): . . . . I and my fellows Are ministers of Fate. . . . The powers, delaying, not forgetting, have Incensed the seas and shores, yea, all the creatures Against your peace. . . and do pronounce by me Lingering perdition, worse than any death Can be at one, shall step by step attend You and your ways; whose wraths to guard you from, Which here, in the most desolate isle, else falls Upon your heads, is nothing, but heart's sorrow, And a clear life ensuing. Shakespeare tells us, through Ariel, that Prospero can pass sentance of lingering perdition, but whose mercy can be ga... ...he exile from the garden of Eden story in the Bible. Both involve two characters who are tempted with great power and knowlege by an evil being--Satan. Both are successfully tempted by the evil foce; both eventually suffer for their choices. "The Tempest", by William Shakespeare, is a very interesting and entertaining story when viewed by its face value. However, when one analyzes the characters, settings, and situations, one realizes the deeper meaning intended by Shakespeare in composing the drama. Through his creation of the island microcosm, which is ruled by Prospero and undermined by Caliban, the Bard creates a masterful work which glorifies a merciful God, who will forgive sins through repentance. In "The Tempest", Shakespeare creates a story that is valuable for more than just entertainment purposes--he creates a work of art. Works Cited Still, Colin. Shakespeare's Mystery Play: A Study of "The Tempest". Cecil Palmer, 1921. Knight, Wilson G. The Crown of Life: Essays in Interpretation of Shakespeare's Final Plays. Barnes & Noble, Inc., 1947. Leech, Clifford. Shakespeare's Tragedies and Other Studies in Seventeenth Century Drama. Chatto and Windus, 1950.

Our Dwelling Place: The Calling of the Christian Entrepreneur Essay

The founder of local grocery chain, Ukrop’s, Joseph Ukrop was devoted to his vocation of being Richmond’s local grocer. He put community first and used his grocery stores to build community. His legacy of entrepreneurship in Richmond was characterized by a distinct commitment to the Christian principles. For example although Ukrop’s was closed on Sundays and sold no alcohol, they were still able to be a market leader in the Richmond grocery industry. In 2000, they were responsible for 38. 9 percent of the grocery sales in the local market. If Joseph Ukrop’s decided to sell alcohol and required their employees to work on Sundays, the Ukrop’s company would have compromised their proclamation of Christian faith. Ukrop’s also maintained these business practices throughout the entire time of operation. This is Hebrews 13:8-9 applied: Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and today and forever†. They were â€Å"not carried away by divers and strange doctrines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2 Ukrop acknowledged Jesus as Lord in his business. The calling of the Christian entrepreneur is dynamic. Somehow, the entrepreneur must be guided by biblical principle, be influential in the marketplace while also yield profit to be successful in business. Still, this discussion asserts that when it is the Christian’s right to exercise â€Å"dominion in the earth through stewardship and enterprise. †3 It is also that entrepreneur’s responsibility to make his or her days count by forwarding the kingdom. Psalm 90: Discussion This tension between man’s place in the continuum of God’s eternity is the theme that characterizes the Hebrew poetic text of Psalm 90. This text egins the fourth division of Psalm, authored by Moses. Historically, Psalm 90 was written after the wilderness experience of forty years; the Exodus generation had perished. According to the book of Numbers, Moses witnessed the death of 1,200,000 adult Israelites that left Egypt. This was God’s judgment for the sin of Kadesh Barnea. Kadesh Barnea provides the background for the text. At Kadesh Barnea, Moses sent out twelve spies to survey the land before the people would enter. All came back with a poor report except Joseph and Caleb who asserted that the Israelites â€Å"would be able to overcome the land. 5 The Israelite people rebelled against their leadership and created a mob, from which God had to save Moses and Aaron. Therefore, by the time Psalm 90, God punishes the Israelites for worshipping idols and forgetting the Lord thy God. According to Fructenbaum, Psalm 90 can be understood in three segments: The nature of man in contrast to the eternity of God, the reason for man’s sin and the third segment is Moses appeal to God, that He visit and return again, restoring his presence to the Israelites again. good In Psalm 90:1-2 God is the dwelling place for all generations. In Hebrew, dwelling place is â€Å"habitation or refuge. God is a protective shelter for all generations. We see that although it appears that God is far off – He is accessible, indeed. Remember that by this time, the Israelites begged Moses to tell God not to appear in person, God is also eternal. Perhaps this is one of the most complex theological concepts. In this text, the mountains are used to illustrate God’s eternity. It is through this imagery that the reader is able to experience the stability of God. 7 Mountains are a constant theme in the Hebrew and Christian scriptures. Mountains are a sign of God’s covenant with his people. So far God is a dwelling place and He is eternal. The second segment if the Psalm 90, beginning in verse 3, describes man’s finality. This is a stark contrast to God’s eternity. The Hebrew word for man means â€Å"frail,† and â€Å"weak. † Man who is weak will be destroyed. Good God is timeless: 4For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night. 5Thou carriest them away as with a flood; they are as a sleep: in the morning they are like grass which groweth up. The last segment of the Psalm is Moses’ appeal to God for him to return his presence to his people: â€Å"Return, O lord  , how long? And let it repent thee concerning thy servants. † Not only should God return, but Moses asks for complete restoration and for God to bless the work of man: â€Å"Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy glory unto their children. And let the beauty of the lord our God be upon us: and establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands establish thou it. A synopsis of Psalm 90 is that man God is eternal, man is finite. Therefore man should repent of his sin, turn from his wicked way and be restored to the dwelling place of the Lord God. Also, because man’s days are numbered, he should seek to be the most productive during his youth as to reflect the glory of God. There is safety and peace in God’s design. good This theme of vocation and purpose is a constant theme in the both the Hebrew and Christian scriptures. The Vocation of the Christian Entrepreneur The significance of Psalm 90 frames the meaning of vocation for the Christian entrepreneur. For the Christian entrepreneur, vocation , meaning vocare in Latin, indicates that there is a relationship between the one is calling and the one being called. 2 This call and response is affirmed in the New Testament text, John 10:27 when Jesus assures speaking to his disciples: â€Å"My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. † It is also the Christian’s entrepreneur’s responsibility to fulfill God’s mandate to fill the earth. In Genesis 1-2, key tenants of the creation mandate that pronounces both our relationship and responsibility to Jehovah-Elohim (God, the Creator. ) Through worship, dominion and procreation, there exists a dynamic by which man can demonstrate the very likeness God in the earth. In text of Genesis 1-2, the capacity for humanity to innovate is authenticated. According to Genesis 1-2 and Psalm 90, humanity’s desire to deviate from this original blueprint set forth by his Creator â€Å"in the beginning,† can result in destruction. 13 Vocation outside of God’s appointment can render destruction, captivity as it did for the Israelites and the obliteration of entire generations as it did in the past for Israel in the Old Testament Hebrew text If this discussion would continue, it could explore how man is the only one of God’s creation’s that deviates from answering God’s call to produce the Creator through innovation. Even plants grow toward the light. Personal Vocation One of my mentors has taught me that your calling is something that you enjoy doing for no pay. Joseph Ukrop would close his store to help local farmers harvest their crops so they would have food through the winter. Ukrop was passionate about making sure that members of his community were fed; he cared about their nutrition. Today, the store has closed, but the Ukrop legacy of giving has lasted through their non-profit foundation. This is what I believe lies at the foundation of the Christian vocation. For many years I have searched for the thing I should be doing for the kingdom. I think it is teaching. I was a Spanish teacher in the Richmond public school system. I left teaching to pursue a career in marketing. At work, new hires get sent to me for training. I am asked to give presentations and teach the Sales division on new products. Still, I struggle with my calling to teach because it does not pay as much as I would like when I decide pursue it full time. At work, I train minimally but am paid double the salary of a teacher in Richmond, VA. However I am not content with the work I do. It seems that this door will be closed soon. On my April 23, 2012, I will be laid off after working with my current company for five years. At the same time I found out this news, I was also asked to teach at a local community college part time. I am just thankful that God was gracious enough to provide other opportunities. Some of my female co-workers have asked me to lead a Bible study after I leave. Parents still call me when their children face difficulty with Spanish before taking exams. I decided that I would start a tutoring service to supplement my job as an instructor in fall. My vocation to teach is the very thing that God has placed in me. Obeying tis call is so much better than existing outside of the dwelling place of God’s will.

Cuban Missile Crissis essays

Cuban Missile Crissis essays Back in 1962 most people thought there could not be a nuclear war. It was a time occupied by the Cold War. They were wrong. The U.S.A, Soviet Union, and Cuban countries were so close they could feel nuclear war breathing down their necks. The people of the U.S. were so close to being incinerated, and they didn't even know it. The Soviets had such a build up of missiles in Cuba they could have wiped-out most of the continental United States. The build up of these missiles, and the problems faced in October of 1962 are known as the Cuban missile Crisis. On October twenty second, 1962, John F. Kennedy, who that evening revealed the presence of Soviet missiles on Cuba, the crisis was nearly a weak old. In President Kennedy ¹s television broadcast, he informed the population that U.S. surveillance of the Soviet military build-up on the island of Cuba had uncovered a series of offensive missile sites now in preparation to fire. This declared that the purpose of these bases could be none other than to provide a nuclear strike capability against the Western Hemisphere. Kennedy called for a prompt dismantling and withdrawal of all offensive weapons under the United Nations supervision. In one minor aspect, Kennedy was mistaken. The soviet decision only seemed sudden. Actually taken five months earlier, it was both a high-stakes gamble and the logical product of sustained provocation. More importantly, the President misread the Kremlin ¹s motives. Gaining a nuclear strike capability was not Khrushev ¹s only or main purpose. In Fact , the soviet leader had persuaded his politburo colleagues that U.S. aggression against Cuba was all too likely and could only be overcome by the installation of the medium-range R-12 ballistic missiles and intermediate-range R-14 ballistic missiles and that specially trained people had to go Cuba to make them operational. Between October fourteenth and October twenty-eighth 1962 the world was never closer to ...

A critical examination of the antecedents and efficacy of Social Services interventions for West African ‘looked after’ children in South London. The WritePass Journal

A critical examination of the antecedents and efficacy of Social Services interventions for West African ‘looked after’ children in South London. Rationale behind the Study A critical examination of the antecedents and efficacy of Social Services interventions for West African ‘looked after’ children in South London. Rationale behind the StudyGuiding Research QuestionsBenefits of the ResearchMethods and ProceduresReferencesRelated Rationale behind the Study The proposed research will investigate Social Service interventions for looked after West African children in South London. I work in an ethically diverse comprehensive school in London, and have witnessed an increase in minority ethnic looked after children in recent years. One challenging task for Social Services is to provide interventions for such children. This study aims to investigate the effect of Social Services interventions on West African looked after children, and provide suggestions why such children may be taken in to care by drawing on existing models of parenting. Furthermore,   supplemented by a review of relevant published literature, it will suggest a number of factors which may account for any disproportionality in terms of gender. The final element of the research will take a critical look at how the school environment supports looked after children. Insignificant data are available on the experiences of immigrants and ethnic minorities in post-war Europe, which is referred to as a †puzzling and disturbing silence† (Myers, 2009:). Bryan (2009) exclaimed that whilst immigration has contributed to economic, social, and political changes, there is an enormous paucity of published research on the topic. The sparse literature that is available is limited to descriptive accounts of policies designed to increase integration (Myers, 2009). In the UK, such lack of research hinders our understanding of the relative importance of education for immigrants and their children. Little is known about how well immigrants and their children settle in to their new environment, let alone how effectively education meets their needs. It has been noted that the changes in policy are based on empirical evidence, and as a result, the resultant policy does not addressing the most important issue; the promotion of multi-culturalism. Sociologist Paul Gilroy commented on an urgent need to â€Å"step boldly back into the past, discover the boundaries of the postcolonial present, and enlist Europe’s largely untapped heterological and imperial histories in the urgent service of its Contemporary multicultural and its future pluralism† (Gilroy, quoted in Myers, 2009: 15). Furthermore, because of the limited research on the issues surrounding immigration, ethnic minority communities have been conceived as a social problem, to be solved via policies with the aim of integration (Myers, 2009). Bryan (2009) suggests such well intentioned but poorly conceived policies may actually perpetuate inequality. In this context, it is clear that policies and interventions must be based on a clear understanding of those they purport to support, and it is this rationale that underpins this study. Barn (2006) noted that the capacity of social workers to deliver appropriate, ethnically sensitive services which take adequate account of the circumstances of minority ethnic individuals and families remains a crucial challenge. When considering interventions delivered to West African looked after children by Social Services in the UK, the following should be considered; what are the reasons behind West African children becoming ‘looked after’ and are the interventions designed to support them effective? Guiding Research Questions    Research question 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the reasons a disproportionate number of children from West Africa are becoming looked after by Social Services in the UK? Research question 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With reference to existing models of parents, what is happening in the African communities that may contribute to this?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are any variations by gender evident, and if so, what might the reasons behind them? Research question 3 What are the effects of the interventions on the welfare of the looked after children from West Africa? Research question 4 Are such interventions moderated by the school environment? Benefits of the Research This research may be useful to a number of different stakeholders in education. From the literature review, the need for culturally sensitive research into social service interventions in school is evident. In the field of education, there has been a call for culturally sensitive interventions to help the school (senior leadership team, child protection officers, form tutors, mentors and teachers) better understand the needs of black children from West Africa and support them accordingly. Copies of the research may be used by the local council/government as a case study for further research into services provided and an opportunity to evaluate current practice and develop strategies to provide better services. The research may enable all stakeholders (social services, schools, government, and local services) to understand parents of West African origin, especially with regard to cultural beliefs, and develop strategies to work together with parents amicably on how to educate children . Finally, this research can give the government, social services, parents, and students an increased awareness of good practice and failings in the system Methods and Procedures My research is a small-scale study, focusing on looked after children from West Africa in Conisborough College. Conisborough College is a comprehensive school with a highly diverse intake. It is representative of the ethnic mix of the Lewisham borough, with a high intake of black pupils of West African origin. The sampling method chosen, which I believe is best suited for my small-scale study, is a non-probability method, such as a targeted sampling method. This method of sampling will ensure that the study is focused and well managed (Bell, 2005). The proposed study will be approached from an interpretivist, epistemological perspective conducted in three stages. Firstly, an extensive literature review, including national government reports and data, and local government (Lewisham Council) reports and data. This stage will also review social service reports and data on looked after children, reviews of at-risk children, child protection registers and analyses of online exam reports and school-tracking data. The second stage will focus on field research in the form of targeted semi-structured interviews which will be conducted at Conisborough College with learning mentors, child protection officers, school counsellors, form tutors, and head of years who support looked after children as well as two social workers and LEA child protection officers. In the broader community, pastor/community leaders of West African origin will be interviewed. The final stage of this study will collate and analyse all data and draw inferences from t he findings on future programmes in the school and community at large, in order to generate a number of   recommendations.. I intend to pilot the second stage of the study to determine what works and what does not. As an amateur researcher, I will follow the procedure established by Peat et al. (2002) which will give me advance warning as whether to proceed with the research, revise the research, or abandon this section of the research altogether. My research is small scale, so the pilot study will involve one student, one learning mentor, and one head of year. Following Peat et al.’s (2002: 123) process, I will: Provide participants with a Participant Information Form and consent form, taking care to explain the purpose and process of the research. Following this, I will identify and areas regarding ethical approval not already adequately covered in the research protocol. Complete the interview schedule with each pilot respondent. Following completion I will ask respondents for feedback regarding ambiguous, sensitive or difficult questions. Transcribe and review each pilot interview fully, discarding any unnecessary, difficult, repetitive or ambiguous questions. Reorder interview items if necessary to ensure a coherent and engaging schedule. Time both the conduct and transcription of the interviews to determine whether both tasks are reasonable given the timescale of the research. Once this pilot work has been completed, I can be confident that the interview schedule(s) are fir for the purpose of this study. References Barn, R. (2006) Research and Practice Briefings: Children and Families – Improving services to meet the needs of minority ethnic children and families, DfES, york.ac.uk/depts/spsw/mrc/documents/QPB13.pdf Bryan, A. (2009). The intersectionality of nationalism and multiculturalism in the Irish curriculum: Teaching against racism? Race ethnicity and education, 12(3), 297-317. Myers, P. (2009). Immigrants and ethnic minorities in the history of education. Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 46(6), 801 – 816. Peat, J., Mellis, C., Williams, K. and Xuan W. (2002), Health Science Research: A Handbook of Quantitative Methods, London: Sage.

Take-Home Final Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Take-Home Final Exam Questions - Assignment Example All that we ever see are the qualities of an object that our faculty of vision is capable of sensing. Hence, it implies that any given thing is a mere bundle of perceptions or the summation of its perceived qualities. There is nothing out there that we do not have some perception of. Furthermore, since things like ‘substance’ or ‘matter’ is never perceived or sensed, it cannot be said to exist. And if ‘substance’ does not exist and only sensed qualities are real or all are sensations, then only thinking or as Berkeley says, spiritual or mental beings exist, for according to him, it is impossible ever to think of anything except as related to a mind. 3. Why does Berkeley believe it must be God (rather than material substance) that is the cause of our perceptions? Since any given thing is a mere bundle of perceptions, we know that physical objects exist since we can perceive its qualities. However, this raises a problem when it comes to things tha t we do not perceive. How then do we justify the things that do exist yet are not being perceived by us? Berkeley says then that there are other finite minds, and are therefore perceiving those other things that exist, but apart from my finite mind or that of other finite minds, there must be something or someone who is responsible for guaranteeing order in our sensations and perceptions. Moreover, something cannot come from nothing; hence our finite minds must have originated from a creator. And since all human beings are always preoccupied from things, there is then an omnipresent mind, which knows and perceives all things. The existence of material objects therefore depends on the existence of God, for God is the cause of the order found in nature and is the cause of the existence of our minds. These ideas, which exist in our minds yet do not perceive, are God’s ideas, which He communicates to us; so that what we perceive through sensation are not to be caused by material substances, but rather, by God. Hence, God constantly gives us sensations in our everyday life. He gives us certain ideas, which help us categorize in an orderly manner all our sensations. Therefore, the continued existence of objects when we do not perceive them is explained by God’s continuous perception of them. 4. Why does Hume believe that causation is not a necessary connection between events, but only an observation of constant conjunction? Hume dismisses the idea of â€Å"necessary connection† because first, each impression is a ‘separate experience’, and second, what happens in the past may not ‘necessarily’ happen in the future. And in his dismissal of ‘necessary connection’, it implies that ‘causation’ only happens in the mind and is only due to constant conjunction; meaning we experience a series of events which happen in succession. So, if the idea of necessary connection is seen in our connecting of idea s, then ‘causality’ then occurs only within our minds; it is no other than a psychological law of association of ideas, a mere â€Å"habit of the mind†. 7. Why does Kant believe that the existence of synthetic a priori truths is such a big deal? Synthetic a priori truths already contain its predicate in its subject, but are not dependent on experience and are affirmed to be universal truths. By Kant’s analysis and presentation of â€Å"synthetic a priori† truths, it enabled him to justify mathematical and scientific principles, which can give us knowledge with certainty, and thereby further extending our knowledge of the world. For example, the mathematical proposition, (1 + 2 = 3); this is classified as synthetic a priori: â€Å"synthetic† because â€Å"1†, â€Å"+†, and â€Å"2† does not contain the idea of â€Å"

Republic of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Republic of China - Essay Example What makes all of this even more amazing is how little the average westerner knows about the lives, economic, social, and political, of 1.6 billion people. Every now and again, we read in the news about how China offers a great vacation, we see a "Free Tibet" sticker on the back of a car, or we notice that our newest gadget or piece of clothing was made in China. If one reads the right newspapers, they might think that Communist China is on the verge of collapse and massive democratic reforms are just a few years away. Upon closer inspection, however, this is clearly not the case. This paper will argue that the prospects for massive democratic reforms in China are very poor. It will do this by arguing that there is very little internal economic or social impetus for political change and Chinese leaders are unlikely to be swayed by Western Nations into instituting democratic reforms. Despite the fact that the Communist Party in China will remain relatively stable into the foreseeable future, there are still many problems that the party needs to address if it is to maintain it's stronghold in China. One of the primary reasons why one may think that the Communist party is likely to become more democratic in the near future is the success of the economic reforms, which began in 1978. According to Tony Saich, the Chinese government did three very important things in 1978 which would allow for future the future growth of the economy and allow for greater interaction with the rest of the world. First, economic modernization was made central to all party work. Ideology and class struggle were down-played and policy-making became more pragmatic, summed up in the slogan 'practice is the sole criterion for testing truth' and corresponding policy line of 'correcting mistakes wherever they are discovered.' Second, despite the plenum's decision to forget about the past and concentrate on the future, the new 'practice' slogan was used both at the plenum and subsequently to reverse a whole series of previous political judgmentsThird, the plenum formed the source for a new policy direction that gradually increased the influence of market forces in the Chinese economy.4 Of course, the economic reforms were very complex and continue to evolve to this day, and include entry into the World Trade Organization. Whole books have been written about this single process, needless to say, the economic reforms have had a major impact. Author Andrew Walder writes that, China's post-Mao economic reforms have generated rapid and sustained economic growth, unprecedented rises in real income and living standards, and have transformed what was once one of the world's most insular economies into a major trading nation.5 In a speech to the Fourth International Investment Forum, Gregory Chow said Since economic reform started in China in 1978, there has been a remarkable growth in GDP, to the order of 9.5 percent per year on average. What accounts for this tremendous success To answer in one sentence, the Chinese government has adopted institutions and policies that enable the resourceful Chinese people and foreign friends to unleash their energy to develop the Chinese economy. The farmers became energetic and productive since the 1979. The township and village enterprises were the most dynamic element for growth in the 1980s and early 1990s. Many private and foreign

Darwin Natural Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Darwin Natural Selection - Essay Example As the paper highlights  one of the issues that creationists and individuals that believe in intelligent design point to as a shortcoming of natural selection is with respect to those organisms or systems that are highly complex and in which partial inadequacy of function would preclude natural selection.   One such system would be that of the human eye; arguably one of the most complex mechanisms that exists within nature.   However, Darwin, and those that support him would point to the fact that the need to see would be evidenced through many of the different states of eyesight that exist from the most basic caterpillars to the most advanced mammals.   Although it is true that the theory itself exist on something of an extension basis, the understanding and believe that the validity and truth of the statement ultimately exists as a function of its existence, there are a number of moral parallels and understandings that can be constructed via immoral understanding of specifi cally what Darwin’s theory entails.This paper outlines that  without the four a higher power, morality and another itself is constrained only with regards to the way in which humanity seeks to buy morality within the current context. In other words, natural selection in and of itself is a process by which furtherance of species is sure by the natural and â€Å"blind† process that nature engages to select those which will most likely carry on genes further the process of reproduction.

The Devil Wears Prada Essay Example for Free

The Devil Wears Prada Essay After reading the book on intimacy relationships marriage and child bearing I realized the decisions that people choose to make will have an impact on how I deal with them in a counseling session. Understanding people and their choices will determine what treatment plan I will set for them. What is most important is for me to understand the theory of why people make the decisions that they make. As a mental health counselor, intimate relationships will be my main focus. I believe having good people in your life can help you overcome difficult times and having a strong and good marriage sets the foundation for a good family and child bearing decision. Having parents that are happy and involved in their children’s lives can help produce positive children in a community. As a mental health counselor I will be concerned about all of it and I will use the various theories to help my clients. The movie I chose was The Devil Wears Prada. It was nominated for two Oscars. It was one of the best movies of 2006. I love this movie; I have it on DVD and love to watch it on a rainy day. It’s my favorite with some chicken noodle soup. The storyline is deep and deals with personal issues of careers and romance and friendship. Anne Hathaway plays a young college graduate looking to break into the writing field. She takes on a job with a big fashion magazine in hopes of getting a big break in journalism one day. In the process, she begins to transform into a different persons in order to move up at her job. Career success brings personal woe as she begins to lose long-time relationships her friends and her boyfriend. In the beginning of the movie you can tell how intimacy is important to her as she is very close to her boyfriend and her other friends away from work. She suffers at her job because she is isolated, branded as an outsider. As time goes on, however, she progresses in her career at the magazine. As she does, she begins to feel less isolated at work, but slowly begins to lose her connections at home. Home intimacy is no longer as important to her and she begins to experience a new isolation when she realizes something has gone terribly wrong in her life on her trip to Paris. While sitting in the car with Miranda in Paris, Miranda looks over to her and tells her she is just like her. Anne Hathaway’s character realizes that she was like Miranda who was isolated from family, friends and even her own children. Andy knew that if she did not want end up like Miranda she must change her ways and chose intimacy as part of her life. She went from having intimacy at home, yet being isolated at work, to being isolated at home with only her career to comfort her. With this new realization and her decision to leave her career behind, she had severed all ties and was isolated at both ends of her life. At the end, she regained her relationships with her boyfriend and her friends. Eventually was able to get back on track and landed a job at a news paper and said goodbye to isolation when she was able to see Miranda and walk away without looking back.

The Courage, Strength, and Integrity of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

The Courage, Strength, and Integrity of Beowulf "He who had come to them from across the sea, bold and strong minded, had driven affliction off, purged Herot clean." Beowulf has traveled a great distance to help people in need. Even though Beowulf is a fictional character, he is clearly the heroic symbol needed by the people of the chaotic Middle Ages with his extraordinary characteristics of courage, strength, and integrity. To be a hero a person needs to be admired for courage, strength, and integrity. A hero is any person admired for courage. A person with courage can easily take on any task. Courage is not the absence of fear but rather the know-how to control it. To be a hero is also one that is strong. To be strong a person needs not only brawn, but the knowledge to use it. Strength without direction is like trying to hit a cloud with a bow and arrow. A hero is also anyone that posses integrity. With integrity a hero knows how to do without a doubt what is right. A person with integrity is unimpaired, so he is able to accomplish the task at hand. A person who upholds these qualities and more is truly a hero. Beowulf, a hero for heroes overcomes the hideous creature Grendle, in order to aid the Danes, whom are in the need of aid. Beowulf sits awake in uncertainty of what comes in the depths of the everlasting night. This shows that Beowulf has an uncanny amount of courage. He, as any human in this predicament is obviously full of fear, but with courage he is able to control this fear. As the infamous Grendle rushes towards Beowulf with great might, the mighty Beowulf catches the viscous monsters claw and tears the whole limb from its now empty socket. This definately shows a great amount of strength. To have such great power to pull an arm from its socket he must be strong. Beowulf traverses a great distance in order to help a foreign people whom are in the need of aid. By helping the Danes, Beowulf shows that he posses an elevated

Mans Need For Woman in the Works of Edgar Allen Poe Essay -- Biograph

Man's Need For Woman in the Works of Edgar Allen Poe      Ã‚   In the beginning, there was Adam.   Adam felt incomplete in the Garden of Eden and needed a companion.   Eve was created and Adam had his woman.   Edgar Allen Poe experimented with man's eternal necessity and drew his final conclusion near the end of his literary career.   With the publication of Eureka, Poe made his final realization that tied every one of his love driven short stories together and triumphantly proclaimed: "I have no desire to live since I have done Eureka.   I could accomplish nothing more" (n. pag.).   Kenneth Graham puts it best:   "For Poe, the most notable glimpse of eternity available to man is in the beauty of woman, always ephemeral, always melancholic" (2760).   With this idea in mind, Poe shows the consequences of losing the love of one's life through his short stories and his poetry, and also tries to bring reason to his own troubled life.   In the works of Poe, a man without his love becomes a man without the most vital part of his spirit and collapses in a horrifying manner.   "For Poe, the most notable glimpse of eternity available to man is in the beauty of woman, always ephemeral, always melancholic" (Graham 2760).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poe's obsession with dying women stems from his own life.   His mother died when he was only three.   His first love, Elmira Royster was forbidden from associating with him by her father.   His child-wife, Virginia, who was also his cousin, died at the age of 24.   Just when he found Elmira once again, who was by this time a widow, he died of his own health problems.   These stinging losses, especially that of his mother, left a subconscious scar in his already convoluted psyche.   Poe's personal history compelled him... ...r': an Allegory of the Artist." Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe.   New York: Marlowe, 1972. Rpt. in Literary Companion. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. Huxley, Aldous.   "Vulgarity in Literature" Music at Night and Other Essays.   New York: Harper & Row, 1930. Rpt. in Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1967. James, Henry.   Dustjacket.   Regan, Robert ed.   Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays.   Englewood Cliffs:   Prentice-Hall, 1967. Lawrence, D.H.   " 'Ligeia': Analyzing Poe's Love Stories."   Studies in Classic American Literature. New York: Seltzer, 1923.   Rpt. in Literary Companion. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. Poe, Edgar Allan.   Selected Tales.   Oxford: Oxford UP, 1988 ______.The Complete Online Reference Manual. 1999 ______.Philosophy of Composition.   Rpt. in Literary Companion. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998.

Campiegn Finace essays

Campiegn Finace essays By definition, a savage is an uncivilized person. Friday would not fit this description because he was civilized. He was a product of the civilization that surrounded him where he came from. His appearance, behaviors, and beliefs were that of all the others in what might be called his tribe. The simple fact that he had religious beliefs is evidence of him being somewhat civilized. A savage can also be thought of as anyone or anything not European. Clearly Friday was not European, yet his features were not consistent with what would normally be considered savage. He is described as having a very good Countenance, not a fierce and surly Aspect..., he had all the Sweetness and Softness of an European in his Countenance too..., His Hair was long and black, not curld like Wool..., The Colour of his Skin was not quite black, but very tawny; and yet not of an ugly yellow nauseous tawny, as the Brasilians, and Virginians, and other Natives of America are..., and his Nose small, not flat like the Negroes, a very good mouth, thin Lips, and his fine Teeth well set, and white as Ivory (Defoe 205). When the two characters meet, Friday approaches Robinson Crusoe in a very sedate manner, Friday is terrified yet he does not lash out at Robinson Crusoe. He does not seem wild, ferocious or barbaric in any way. He uses sign language at first to communicate, which indicates knowledge of some sort of primitive language. He is quick to learn Robinson Crusoes language and is eager to learn more while Robinson Crusoe stays clear of learning Fridays language. It is apparent that Friday has religious or spiritual beliefs right from the beginning. When Robinson Crusoe saves Friday from the savages that brought him to the island to devour him, Friday is extremely ...

Post Colonial Literature

Post Colonial Literature Introduction In the modern times, a hot debate has emanated on colonialism and post colonialism and what they stand for. It is an area that has attracted so many writers with a lot of criticism based on different opinions. In their poetry, Judith Wright and Bhatt explicitly bring out post colonialism and modernism as major themes albeit in different ways. This has been achieved through their use of discourses on rhetoric questions, imagery and metaphor (Bery and Murray 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Post Colonial Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two writers embrace irony and symbolism to forward their discussions concerning the oppression brought about by the colonialists on the natives. This paper is a review of the these two poems; Judith Wright’s Two Dreamtimes and Sujata Bhatt’s A different History where it is going to primarily compare and criticize sentiments postulated by t he poets in their literary work. Central Themes in the Two Poems In her poem Two Dreamtimes, Judith Wright presents the Aborigines as poetic symbols to represent the entire historical oppression and injustice that instilled fear and guilt. Judith’s observation concerning the aggression and instability of the Aboriginal post conquest past extends to stand for the entire human race. On post colonialism, Judith Wight talks of how both the whites and the black natives have lost in terms of culture and property then she proposes forgiveness and unity of the two groups as the only solution tom their problems (Wright 2002). On the other hand, Sujata Bhatt in her poem A different History, talks of the environment and cultural degradation that is rampant in the modern post colonial era. She also elaborates on political oppression meted against the once colonized nations by their former colonial masters (Bhatt 1995). Sujata symbolically uses India to represent all those countries that are still experiencing these effects of post colonial oppression. Both writers have dwelt so much on emphasizing the importance of culture as a sense of belonging. Judith Wright shows how the whites looked upon the blacks as minorities and never wanted to associate themselves with the black race. From her poem, we see the persona explaining how his parents warned him not to play with the black children. The white settlers grabbed all that belonged to the native Aborigines and left them piteous without anything to cling on. However, with time, the two groups ended up loosing to their colonial masters due to their disunity. Sujata talks of the oppression directed towards the minorities and how everything had become oppressive in all dimensions. She admires the native Indian culture. This meant to arouse a sense of belonging and also show how much is lost when a country loses its cultural background due to modernism and post colonialism.Advertising Looking for essay on literatu re languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both writers embrace culture as an important aspect of every community and individual. They have also vividly shown how modernism has brought about multiculturalism and erosion of cultures (McLeod 2000). The two poems pose intellectual questions to the reader and stimulate critical thinking and analysis of the entire theme of post colonialism and modernism. Criticism of the Two Poems From her work, it is very true that Judith Wright was both an environmentalist and a social activist. The writer uses her childhood and lifetime experiences to vividly point out on various contemporary but fundamental issues affecting the society. For instance in her poem Wright points out on post colonialism and racial segregation which she says was ‘eating up’ the society which was a hindrance to development. Also, she is keen to highlight cultural alienation versus modernity as anoth er key issue of major concern but what she fails to indicate is how effective her notions and perceptions were practically applicable in during the times in which her poem is set. Harsher criticism has been leveled on her work asserting that she does not present herself a person who lived in the contemporary society she writes about since she does not appreciate the fact that the issue of racial segregation was a lot more complicated than simply a given race being oppressed. There was the reality of where these segregated persons came from and their social standing both economically and politically at that time. On the other hand, Sujata Bhatt uses her multicultural experience to clearly air her criticisms on matters she thinks are of concern. In her poem, she succeeds in bringing to understanding vital concerns like culture, oppression and post-colonialism. With all the traces of a bard and postcolonial uniqueness, she demonstrates her passion for the local traditions and linguisti c communication. In this poem, Sujata Bhatt shows the significance of culture and language to any particular individual and how they help define someone. In her dual multicultural milieu, she freely uses language as a tool to further her ideologies through writing that is drawn from her vast experience after having lived in three continents (McLeod 2000). This notwithstanding however, Bhatt’s work can be criticized in the way she leans so much on her multicultural experience to present her surmises. Over reliance of personal perceptions and beliefs bereaves her work scientific and universal acclaim since it may be dismissed as lacking empirical facts and realities. Comparison of the Two Poems Looking at the poem, ‘Two dreamtimes,’ there is an aspect racial segregation that is very evident in the first two stanzas, â€Å"You were one of the dark children I wasnt allowed to play with-riverbank campers, the wrong color, (I couldnt turn you white)† (Wright 200 2, p.35). White children were not allowed to mingle with the black children. This was a form of oppression that the writer brings to light in her work. The stanza also states that black was a wrong color.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Post Colonial Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This literally means that blacks were treated with a lot of contempt by the whites who looked upon them as an inferior race. This was extended even to their children who were warned never to associate with the black children. The writer’s criticism of this vice is depicted when she refers the black as, ‘riverbank campers, the wrong color’ and finally says, ‘(I couldnt turn you white).’ Here, the writer is being sarcastic of the descriptions given to the blacks by her parents. Scramble for property that belonged to the natives was a common phenomenon as evident in the poem, â€Å"late I began t o know they hadnt told me the land I loved was taken out of your hands† (Wright 2002, p.35). When the colonialists arrived in ‘their colonies,’ the white settlers grabbed all that belonged to the natives including land and went ahead to sell most of it for their own lavish interests (Bery and Murray 2000). This left the natives with nothing but a state of hopelessness while the white settlers continued extravagantly enjoying what was not theirs. This is shown when the persona in the poem says, â€Å"The sullen looks of the men who sold them for rum to forget the selling the hard rational white faces with eyes that forget the past† (Wright 2002, p.35). The writer uses irony when she says that the white settlers traded the land they had grabbed from the natives for rum. This brings out the contemptuous attitude of the writer towards the imperialists. Her criticism is furthered when she negatively describes the whites and assigns innocence to the blacks in her description (Dohra 2007). There is an aspect of cultural degradation that was as a result of colonization from the same poem. The oppression the natives were subjected to caused them to remain hopeless and their traditions and practices faded away with time. There was no time since even what used to be their own had been snatched away fro the leaving them as piteous beings struggling for existence leave alone survival. From the poem it is said, â€Å"Over the rum your voice sang the tales of an old people, their dreaming buried, the place forgotten. We too have lost our dreaming† (Wright 2002, p.35). The once happy and beautiful culture was lost and people were mixed in the multi-culture without any identity. This led to a feeling of withdrawal among the colonized (Afzal-Khan 1993). The writer goes ahead to highlight how the Aborigines are oppressed by the colonial laws when she openly critics these tyrannical laws as, †Raped by rum and an alien law, progress and econo mics† (Wright 2002, p.35).The use of the word ‘raped’ shows how these laws and regulations were evil and also reveals the writer’s negative attitude towards (Moore-Gilbert 1997). This negated perspective of the law is almost a direct opposite of what Bhatt surmises in her poem where she presents a similar case but rather using more benign terms.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is violation of human rights especially against women who are viewed as weak beings that deserve no right a case that is brought out by both poets in their work. Women were double colonized by the colonial rule and also by the entire society. This is shown in the poem, â€Å"Telling sad tales of women (black or white at a different price) meant much and little to us† (Wright 2002, p.35). This explicitly illustrate that all these exploits were offensive but no one had the right and courage to stand and fight against them. People were so oppressed that they had given up in life and just took life as circumstances dictated to them (Bill, Gareth and Helen 1998). In addition to this, the two authors tend to share common views and both tend to critic the outcomes of colonialism and post-colonialism. They both accentuate the importance of culture but are disparagative of colonialism and post-colonialism consequences (Elmer 1995). Concerning culture, Sujata Bhatt says uses the first stanza to create a culturally entrusted society where the set norms are respected by everyone. She says, â€Å"Here, the gods roam freely†¦every tree is sacred and it is a sin to be rude to a book† (Wright 2002, p.35). Judith Wright on the other hand talks of cultural dilapidation as a result of colonialism when she says; â€Å"Over the rum your voice sang the tales of an old people, their dreaming buried, the place forgotten. We too have lost our dreaming† (Wright 2002, p.35). The two poems also criticize both colonization and post-colonialism effects through the use of language techniques. Sujata Bhatt employs the use of rhetoric questions to forward her criticism (Kerwin 1997). This helps infuse critical thinking in the reader’s mind and hence make him or her think alongside the writer throughout the poem. For example she says, â€Å"Whose language has not been the oppressors tongue?† (Wright 2002, p.35). This statement engages anyone readin g it to pause and think broadly concerning the subject matter. Conversely, Judith Wright capitalises on the uses of satire, sarcasm and irony to surface her criticism. She also uses imagery when she says, â€Å"We the robbers robbed in turn† (Wright 2002, p.35). She directly refers to the white settlers as robbers and thus, she succeeds in delivering her denigration. Conclusion In summing up, in my own view, Judith’s work is a picture of what is happening in the modern post-colonial era. Despite getting freedom from colonialism, there is still indirect oppression in terms of leadership, trade and resource exploitation imposed by the once colonial masters on their former colonies (Greg 2004). These countries still receive unfair terms of trade in the world market and do not really benefit from their products and services (Childs and Williams 1997). This sentiment that is central in her poem has been articulated better than Bhatt has presented her central theme of societ al injustices in post-colonial times. References Afzal-Khan, F., 1993. Cultural Imperialism and the Indo-English Novel: Genre and Ideology in R. K. Narayan: The Realm of Mythic Realism. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP. Bery, A. and Murray, P., 2000. ‘Introduction’ in Comparing Postcolonial Literatures: Dislocations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Bhatt, S., 1995. A Different History. New York: Cambridge University Press. Bill, A., Gareth, G. and Helen, T., 1998. Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. Childs, P. and Williams, P., 1997. An Introduction to Post-colonial Theory. London: Prentice Hall. Dohra, A., 2007. Introduction: This Is Ma Trooth,' in Rotten English: A Literary Anthology, ed. Ahmad. New York: W. W. Norton. Elmer, A., 1995. The Art of Brian Friel. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Greg, G., 2004. Ecocriticism. New York: Routledge. McLeod, J., 2000. Beginning Postcolonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Moore-Gilbert, B., 199 7. Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics. London: Verso. Wright, J., 2002. Collected Poems. Sydney: Angus Robertson.