Darwin Natural Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Darwin Natural Selection - Essay Example As the paper highlights  one of the issues that creationists and individuals that believe in intelligent design point to as a shortcoming of natural selection is with respect to those organisms or systems that are highly complex and in which partial inadequacy of function would preclude natural selection.   One such system would be that of the human eye; arguably one of the most complex mechanisms that exists within nature.   However, Darwin, and those that support him would point to the fact that the need to see would be evidenced through many of the different states of eyesight that exist from the most basic caterpillars to the most advanced mammals.   Although it is true that the theory itself exist on something of an extension basis, the understanding and believe that the validity and truth of the statement ultimately exists as a function of its existence, there are a number of moral parallels and understandings that can be constructed via immoral understanding of specifi cally what Darwin’s theory entails.This paper outlines that  without the four a higher power, morality and another itself is constrained only with regards to the way in which humanity seeks to buy morality within the current context. In other words, natural selection in and of itself is a process by which furtherance of species is sure by the natural and â€Å"blind† process that nature engages to select those which will most likely carry on genes further the process of reproduction.

The Devil Wears Prada Essay Example for Free

The Devil Wears Prada Essay After reading the book on intimacy relationships marriage and child bearing I realized the decisions that people choose to make will have an impact on how I deal with them in a counseling session. Understanding people and their choices will determine what treatment plan I will set for them. What is most important is for me to understand the theory of why people make the decisions that they make. As a mental health counselor, intimate relationships will be my main focus. I believe having good people in your life can help you overcome difficult times and having a strong and good marriage sets the foundation for a good family and child bearing decision. Having parents that are happy and involved in their children’s lives can help produce positive children in a community. As a mental health counselor I will be concerned about all of it and I will use the various theories to help my clients. The movie I chose was The Devil Wears Prada. It was nominated for two Oscars. It was one of the best movies of 2006. I love this movie; I have it on DVD and love to watch it on a rainy day. It’s my favorite with some chicken noodle soup. The storyline is deep and deals with personal issues of careers and romance and friendship. Anne Hathaway plays a young college graduate looking to break into the writing field. She takes on a job with a big fashion magazine in hopes of getting a big break in journalism one day. In the process, she begins to transform into a different persons in order to move up at her job. Career success brings personal woe as she begins to lose long-time relationships her friends and her boyfriend. In the beginning of the movie you can tell how intimacy is important to her as she is very close to her boyfriend and her other friends away from work. She suffers at her job because she is isolated, branded as an outsider. As time goes on, however, she progresses in her career at the magazine. As she does, she begins to feel less isolated at work, but slowly begins to lose her connections at home. Home intimacy is no longer as important to her and she begins to experience a new isolation when she realizes something has gone terribly wrong in her life on her trip to Paris. While sitting in the car with Miranda in Paris, Miranda looks over to her and tells her she is just like her. Anne Hathaway’s character realizes that she was like Miranda who was isolated from family, friends and even her own children. Andy knew that if she did not want end up like Miranda she must change her ways and chose intimacy as part of her life. She went from having intimacy at home, yet being isolated at work, to being isolated at home with only her career to comfort her. With this new realization and her decision to leave her career behind, she had severed all ties and was isolated at both ends of her life. At the end, she regained her relationships with her boyfriend and her friends. Eventually was able to get back on track and landed a job at a news paper and said goodbye to isolation when she was able to see Miranda and walk away without looking back.

The Courage, Strength, and Integrity of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

The Courage, Strength, and Integrity of Beowulf "He who had come to them from across the sea, bold and strong minded, had driven affliction off, purged Herot clean." Beowulf has traveled a great distance to help people in need. Even though Beowulf is a fictional character, he is clearly the heroic symbol needed by the people of the chaotic Middle Ages with his extraordinary characteristics of courage, strength, and integrity. To be a hero a person needs to be admired for courage, strength, and integrity. A hero is any person admired for courage. A person with courage can easily take on any task. Courage is not the absence of fear but rather the know-how to control it. To be a hero is also one that is strong. To be strong a person needs not only brawn, but the knowledge to use it. Strength without direction is like trying to hit a cloud with a bow and arrow. A hero is also anyone that posses integrity. With integrity a hero knows how to do without a doubt what is right. A person with integrity is unimpaired, so he is able to accomplish the task at hand. A person who upholds these qualities and more is truly a hero. Beowulf, a hero for heroes overcomes the hideous creature Grendle, in order to aid the Danes, whom are in the need of aid. Beowulf sits awake in uncertainty of what comes in the depths of the everlasting night. This shows that Beowulf has an uncanny amount of courage. He, as any human in this predicament is obviously full of fear, but with courage he is able to control this fear. As the infamous Grendle rushes towards Beowulf with great might, the mighty Beowulf catches the viscous monsters claw and tears the whole limb from its now empty socket. This definately shows a great amount of strength. To have such great power to pull an arm from its socket he must be strong. Beowulf traverses a great distance in order to help a foreign people whom are in the need of aid. By helping the Danes, Beowulf shows that he posses an elevated

Mans Need For Woman in the Works of Edgar Allen Poe Essay -- Biograph

Man's Need For Woman in the Works of Edgar Allen Poe      Ã‚   In the beginning, there was Adam.   Adam felt incomplete in the Garden of Eden and needed a companion.   Eve was created and Adam had his woman.   Edgar Allen Poe experimented with man's eternal necessity and drew his final conclusion near the end of his literary career.   With the publication of Eureka, Poe made his final realization that tied every one of his love driven short stories together and triumphantly proclaimed: "I have no desire to live since I have done Eureka.   I could accomplish nothing more" (n. pag.).   Kenneth Graham puts it best:   "For Poe, the most notable glimpse of eternity available to man is in the beauty of woman, always ephemeral, always melancholic" (2760).   With this idea in mind, Poe shows the consequences of losing the love of one's life through his short stories and his poetry, and also tries to bring reason to his own troubled life.   In the works of Poe, a man without his love becomes a man without the most vital part of his spirit and collapses in a horrifying manner.   "For Poe, the most notable glimpse of eternity available to man is in the beauty of woman, always ephemeral, always melancholic" (Graham 2760).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poe's obsession with dying women stems from his own life.   His mother died when he was only three.   His first love, Elmira Royster was forbidden from associating with him by her father.   His child-wife, Virginia, who was also his cousin, died at the age of 24.   Just when he found Elmira once again, who was by this time a widow, he died of his own health problems.   These stinging losses, especially that of his mother, left a subconscious scar in his already convoluted psyche.   Poe's personal history compelled him... ...r': an Allegory of the Artist." Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe.   New York: Marlowe, 1972. Rpt. in Literary Companion. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. Huxley, Aldous.   "Vulgarity in Literature" Music at Night and Other Essays.   New York: Harper & Row, 1930. Rpt. in Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1967. James, Henry.   Dustjacket.   Regan, Robert ed.   Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays.   Englewood Cliffs:   Prentice-Hall, 1967. Lawrence, D.H.   " 'Ligeia': Analyzing Poe's Love Stories."   Studies in Classic American Literature. New York: Seltzer, 1923.   Rpt. in Literary Companion. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. Poe, Edgar Allan.   Selected Tales.   Oxford: Oxford UP, 1988 ______.The Complete Online Reference Manual. 1999 ______.Philosophy of Composition.   Rpt. in Literary Companion. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998.

Campiegn Finace essays

Campiegn Finace essays By definition, a savage is an uncivilized person. Friday would not fit this description because he was civilized. He was a product of the civilization that surrounded him where he came from. His appearance, behaviors, and beliefs were that of all the others in what might be called his tribe. The simple fact that he had religious beliefs is evidence of him being somewhat civilized. A savage can also be thought of as anyone or anything not European. Clearly Friday was not European, yet his features were not consistent with what would normally be considered savage. He is described as having a very good Countenance, not a fierce and surly Aspect..., he had all the Sweetness and Softness of an European in his Countenance too..., His Hair was long and black, not curld like Wool..., The Colour of his Skin was not quite black, but very tawny; and yet not of an ugly yellow nauseous tawny, as the Brasilians, and Virginians, and other Natives of America are..., and his Nose small, not flat like the Negroes, a very good mouth, thin Lips, and his fine Teeth well set, and white as Ivory (Defoe 205). When the two characters meet, Friday approaches Robinson Crusoe in a very sedate manner, Friday is terrified yet he does not lash out at Robinson Crusoe. He does not seem wild, ferocious or barbaric in any way. He uses sign language at first to communicate, which indicates knowledge of some sort of primitive language. He is quick to learn Robinson Crusoes language and is eager to learn more while Robinson Crusoe stays clear of learning Fridays language. It is apparent that Friday has religious or spiritual beliefs right from the beginning. When Robinson Crusoe saves Friday from the savages that brought him to the island to devour him, Friday is extremely ...

Post Colonial Literature

Post Colonial Literature Introduction In the modern times, a hot debate has emanated on colonialism and post colonialism and what they stand for. It is an area that has attracted so many writers with a lot of criticism based on different opinions. In their poetry, Judith Wright and Bhatt explicitly bring out post colonialism and modernism as major themes albeit in different ways. This has been achieved through their use of discourses on rhetoric questions, imagery and metaphor (Bery and Murray 2000).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Post Colonial Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two writers embrace irony and symbolism to forward their discussions concerning the oppression brought about by the colonialists on the natives. This paper is a review of the these two poems; Judith Wright’s Two Dreamtimes and Sujata Bhatt’s A different History where it is going to primarily compare and criticize sentiments postulated by t he poets in their literary work. Central Themes in the Two Poems In her poem Two Dreamtimes, Judith Wright presents the Aborigines as poetic symbols to represent the entire historical oppression and injustice that instilled fear and guilt. Judith’s observation concerning the aggression and instability of the Aboriginal post conquest past extends to stand for the entire human race. On post colonialism, Judith Wight talks of how both the whites and the black natives have lost in terms of culture and property then she proposes forgiveness and unity of the two groups as the only solution tom their problems (Wright 2002). On the other hand, Sujata Bhatt in her poem A different History, talks of the environment and cultural degradation that is rampant in the modern post colonial era. She also elaborates on political oppression meted against the once colonized nations by their former colonial masters (Bhatt 1995). Sujata symbolically uses India to represent all those countries that are still experiencing these effects of post colonial oppression. Both writers have dwelt so much on emphasizing the importance of culture as a sense of belonging. Judith Wright shows how the whites looked upon the blacks as minorities and never wanted to associate themselves with the black race. From her poem, we see the persona explaining how his parents warned him not to play with the black children. The white settlers grabbed all that belonged to the native Aborigines and left them piteous without anything to cling on. However, with time, the two groups ended up loosing to their colonial masters due to their disunity. Sujata talks of the oppression directed towards the minorities and how everything had become oppressive in all dimensions. She admires the native Indian culture. This meant to arouse a sense of belonging and also show how much is lost when a country loses its cultural background due to modernism and post colonialism.Advertising Looking for essay on literatu re languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both writers embrace culture as an important aspect of every community and individual. They have also vividly shown how modernism has brought about multiculturalism and erosion of cultures (McLeod 2000). The two poems pose intellectual questions to the reader and stimulate critical thinking and analysis of the entire theme of post colonialism and modernism. Criticism of the Two Poems From her work, it is very true that Judith Wright was both an environmentalist and a social activist. The writer uses her childhood and lifetime experiences to vividly point out on various contemporary but fundamental issues affecting the society. For instance in her poem Wright points out on post colonialism and racial segregation which she says was ‘eating up’ the society which was a hindrance to development. Also, she is keen to highlight cultural alienation versus modernity as anoth er key issue of major concern but what she fails to indicate is how effective her notions and perceptions were practically applicable in during the times in which her poem is set. Harsher criticism has been leveled on her work asserting that she does not present herself a person who lived in the contemporary society she writes about since she does not appreciate the fact that the issue of racial segregation was a lot more complicated than simply a given race being oppressed. There was the reality of where these segregated persons came from and their social standing both economically and politically at that time. On the other hand, Sujata Bhatt uses her multicultural experience to clearly air her criticisms on matters she thinks are of concern. In her poem, she succeeds in bringing to understanding vital concerns like culture, oppression and post-colonialism. With all the traces of a bard and postcolonial uniqueness, she demonstrates her passion for the local traditions and linguisti c communication. In this poem, Sujata Bhatt shows the significance of culture and language to any particular individual and how they help define someone. In her dual multicultural milieu, she freely uses language as a tool to further her ideologies through writing that is drawn from her vast experience after having lived in three continents (McLeod 2000). This notwithstanding however, Bhatt’s work can be criticized in the way she leans so much on her multicultural experience to present her surmises. Over reliance of personal perceptions and beliefs bereaves her work scientific and universal acclaim since it may be dismissed as lacking empirical facts and realities. Comparison of the Two Poems Looking at the poem, ‘Two dreamtimes,’ there is an aspect racial segregation that is very evident in the first two stanzas, â€Å"You were one of the dark children I wasnt allowed to play with-riverbank campers, the wrong color, (I couldnt turn you white)† (Wright 200 2, p.35). White children were not allowed to mingle with the black children. This was a form of oppression that the writer brings to light in her work. The stanza also states that black was a wrong color.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Post Colonial Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This literally means that blacks were treated with a lot of contempt by the whites who looked upon them as an inferior race. This was extended even to their children who were warned never to associate with the black children. The writer’s criticism of this vice is depicted when she refers the black as, ‘riverbank campers, the wrong color’ and finally says, ‘(I couldnt turn you white).’ Here, the writer is being sarcastic of the descriptions given to the blacks by her parents. Scramble for property that belonged to the natives was a common phenomenon as evident in the poem, â€Å"late I began t o know they hadnt told me the land I loved was taken out of your hands† (Wright 2002, p.35). When the colonialists arrived in ‘their colonies,’ the white settlers grabbed all that belonged to the natives including land and went ahead to sell most of it for their own lavish interests (Bery and Murray 2000). This left the natives with nothing but a state of hopelessness while the white settlers continued extravagantly enjoying what was not theirs. This is shown when the persona in the poem says, â€Å"The sullen looks of the men who sold them for rum to forget the selling the hard rational white faces with eyes that forget the past† (Wright 2002, p.35). The writer uses irony when she says that the white settlers traded the land they had grabbed from the natives for rum. This brings out the contemptuous attitude of the writer towards the imperialists. Her criticism is furthered when she negatively describes the whites and assigns innocence to the blacks in her description (Dohra 2007). There is an aspect of cultural degradation that was as a result of colonization from the same poem. The oppression the natives were subjected to caused them to remain hopeless and their traditions and practices faded away with time. There was no time since even what used to be their own had been snatched away fro the leaving them as piteous beings struggling for existence leave alone survival. From the poem it is said, â€Å"Over the rum your voice sang the tales of an old people, their dreaming buried, the place forgotten. We too have lost our dreaming† (Wright 2002, p.35). The once happy and beautiful culture was lost and people were mixed in the multi-culture without any identity. This led to a feeling of withdrawal among the colonized (Afzal-Khan 1993). The writer goes ahead to highlight how the Aborigines are oppressed by the colonial laws when she openly critics these tyrannical laws as, †Raped by rum and an alien law, progress and econo mics† (Wright 2002, p.35).The use of the word ‘raped’ shows how these laws and regulations were evil and also reveals the writer’s negative attitude towards (Moore-Gilbert 1997). This negated perspective of the law is almost a direct opposite of what Bhatt surmises in her poem where she presents a similar case but rather using more benign terms.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is violation of human rights especially against women who are viewed as weak beings that deserve no right a case that is brought out by both poets in their work. Women were double colonized by the colonial rule and also by the entire society. This is shown in the poem, â€Å"Telling sad tales of women (black or white at a different price) meant much and little to us† (Wright 2002, p.35). This explicitly illustrate that all these exploits were offensive but no one had the right and courage to stand and fight against them. People were so oppressed that they had given up in life and just took life as circumstances dictated to them (Bill, Gareth and Helen 1998). In addition to this, the two authors tend to share common views and both tend to critic the outcomes of colonialism and post-colonialism. They both accentuate the importance of culture but are disparagative of colonialism and post-colonialism consequences (Elmer 1995). Concerning culture, Sujata Bhatt says uses the first stanza to create a culturally entrusted society where the set norms are respected by everyone. She says, â€Å"Here, the gods roam freely†¦every tree is sacred and it is a sin to be rude to a book† (Wright 2002, p.35). Judith Wright on the other hand talks of cultural dilapidation as a result of colonialism when she says; â€Å"Over the rum your voice sang the tales of an old people, their dreaming buried, the place forgotten. We too have lost our dreaming† (Wright 2002, p.35). The two poems also criticize both colonization and post-colonialism effects through the use of language techniques. Sujata Bhatt employs the use of rhetoric questions to forward her criticism (Kerwin 1997). This helps infuse critical thinking in the reader’s mind and hence make him or her think alongside the writer throughout the poem. For example she says, â€Å"Whose language has not been the oppressors tongue?† (Wright 2002, p.35). This statement engages anyone readin g it to pause and think broadly concerning the subject matter. Conversely, Judith Wright capitalises on the uses of satire, sarcasm and irony to surface her criticism. She also uses imagery when she says, â€Å"We the robbers robbed in turn† (Wright 2002, p.35). She directly refers to the white settlers as robbers and thus, she succeeds in delivering her denigration. Conclusion In summing up, in my own view, Judith’s work is a picture of what is happening in the modern post-colonial era. Despite getting freedom from colonialism, there is still indirect oppression in terms of leadership, trade and resource exploitation imposed by the once colonial masters on their former colonies (Greg 2004). These countries still receive unfair terms of trade in the world market and do not really benefit from their products and services (Childs and Williams 1997). This sentiment that is central in her poem has been articulated better than Bhatt has presented her central theme of societ al injustices in post-colonial times. References Afzal-Khan, F., 1993. Cultural Imperialism and the Indo-English Novel: Genre and Ideology in R. K. Narayan: The Realm of Mythic Realism. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP. Bery, A. and Murray, P., 2000. ‘Introduction’ in Comparing Postcolonial Literatures: Dislocations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Bhatt, S., 1995. A Different History. New York: Cambridge University Press. Bill, A., Gareth, G. and Helen, T., 1998. Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge. Childs, P. and Williams, P., 1997. An Introduction to Post-colonial Theory. London: Prentice Hall. Dohra, A., 2007. Introduction: This Is Ma Trooth,' in Rotten English: A Literary Anthology, ed. Ahmad. New York: W. W. Norton. Elmer, A., 1995. The Art of Brian Friel. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Greg, G., 2004. Ecocriticism. New York: Routledge. McLeod, J., 2000. Beginning Postcolonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Moore-Gilbert, B., 199 7. Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics. London: Verso. Wright, J., 2002. Collected Poems. Sydney: Angus Robertson.

Examples of How Not to Begin an Essay

Examples of How Not to Begin an Essay When was the last time you ran across a really good hooker? Thats Stephen Kings term for a particularly enticing opening sentence in a story or essay- a knock-you-dead first line that compels you to keep reading. In Great Hookers I Have Known, King says that an effective hooker-sentence offers readers the pleasure of instant gratification (Secret Windows, 2000). The opposite of a hooker might be called a chaser- a bore-you-to-death introduction that drives readers away. At best, a chaser may hint at delayed gratification. More often it provides little more than an excuse to stop reading. Examples of the Worst Kinds of Essay Opening Lines Here are 10 examples of such boring or baffling opening lines- chasers that youll want to avoid when composing your own essays. The examples are in italics, and the explanations are in bold. According to my dictionary . . . Avoid leads [or ledes] that quote Websters- the Jim Belushi of openings, according to Annie Edison in Community. It accomplishes nothing, but everyone keeps on using it. When you gave us this assignment to describe in detail a place you know well, my first thought was to write about my bedroom closet. . . .As a general rule, avoid openings that comment on the writing assignment itself. One dark and stormy night, the ghost of General Oglethorpe grabbed me by the goolies and hurled me down the castle stairs. . . .Dont strain too hard to shock or amaze, especially if you cant maintain that level of excitement. Sometimes youve got to stick your neck out on a limb and keep your nose to the grindstone. . . .Avoid clichà ©s and mixed metaphors. In this essay, after giving the subject a lot of thought, I am going to write about . . ..Skip the announcements. Life is like a box of chocolates, my Mama used to say, quoting Forrest Gump. . . .Dont get too c ute. Your mama has terrible opinions on essay writing . . .Dont get belligerent. Framed fantastically against the expansive cerulean sky was a soaring wedge of gossiping, gabbling geese, a shimmering cocaine-colored V haloed in sunlight and dusted with the durable dreams of earthbound warriors . . ..Avoid excessive alliteration, needless modifiers, and Rogets Thesaurus. Wikipedia says . . . Challenge questionable facts and steer clear of dubious sources. It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms.* . . .No matter what else you do, never plagiarize. * This is the opening sentence of Jonathan Swifts satirical essay A Modest Proposal.Now its time to take a more positive approach. For examples of fresh and compelling opening lines- that is, some truly good hookers- see these two articles: How to Begin an Essay: 13 Engaging Strategies With ExamplesWhack at Your Reader at Once: Eight Great Opening Lines

Built facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Built facilities - Essay Example The specificity of this new technology is bound to influence design, construction and maintenance of the building process. The following sections illustrate how information technology is dominating over this process and going to dominate in the coming years. Architectural Design Architecture is an art of modeling of the human environment, and designing of behavior of people from the same environment, through a functional organization of space and form of elements of objects and system via creative composition and color. Inspiration plays an important role in architectural art of modeling. An architectural design seeks for newer and amazing forms and shapes of the objects. Shape and form are part of architectural style. It is a set of core features and attributes of the specific time and place. It reveals specific detail of its functional, constructive, and the artistic form of a particular period of human civilization. The foundation of architectural design is the shape and form. Unt il the advent of digital technology architects could only use Euclidean geometrical figures to develop the shape and form of the facility. Digital technology helped architects go beyond the Euclidean geometry. Architectural design process uses the latest technical achievements as tools. It happened during the industrial revolution, and it is happening now. ... Standardization gave birth to mass customization, which is now getting replaced by mass production with non-standard complex designs based on non-Euclidean geometries. In architecture, digital age has brought a new design approach and it is called parametric design approach. This new approach is going to influence architectural design process for coming years. Only advent of digital technology made architects possible to implement parametric design method. Various programs used as tools for parametric design method are developed using the concept of disciplines like mathematics, topological geometry, and curvilinearity, morphogenetic, and biomorphic. The concept of parametric design approach is embedded in creating a model of geometric elements describing and controlling their relationship in such a way that any change in one element brings changes to all other elements. Parametric design method uses geometric model whose geometry is a function of a finite number of parameters. Param eters of the elements and their spatial relationships constitute the model. It helps architects to generate a variety of building shapes within a short term and exclude basic mistakes. The essence of parametric design constitutes in creating a mathematical model for structurally homogeneous products, and then with the help of a defined set of dimensional parameters, the structural configuration and spatial arrangement of elements of the system are changed through an algorithm. This new advances in design process are reshaping today’s architecture laying foundation of architectural design of coming years. The architect can incorporate the geometrical design data numerically with the environment and study

Accounting Evaluation And Forecast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Accounting Evaluation And Forecast - Essay Example Carter and Usry mentioned that â€Å"In Reality, planning and controlling are simultaneous, cannot be separated, and an interconnected process†. Within this elaboration we will evaluate performance of the â€Å"Aberdare - Super Service Mini Market† and furthermore describe Income Statement and Balance sheet forecast for planning purposes. According to the financial ratios, Aberdare posses an overall weaker performance, compare to the Pernarth mini market. The only ratios that exceed Pernart mini market are sales/operating assets ratio and the interest cover ratio. The sales/operating assets ratios present a slight lead on Aberdare’s effectiveness on using its operating assets to produce sale, while the interest cover ratio display Aberdare’s better performance on taking advantage of debts to finance operations. However, financial ratios should not be used as a sole instrument of measuring performance. According to available data, Aberdare’s sales in 2004 are amounted to $ 1,250,000 and the operating profit is $ 217,000. This has a relatively significant difference compare to Pernarth mini market, which produce a sales number of only $ 1,000,000 and operating profit of $ 190,000. Thus, in actual numbers, Aberdare mini market contributes more income to the business. Pernarth According to the financial ratio, Pernarth is overall better than Aberdare mini market. The ratios indicated that pernarth has a better performance in terms of: 1. Effectiveness of operation, displayed by the Operating Profit/Operating Assets ratio, Sales/Fixed Assets ratio, and Sales/Current Assets ratio. These ratios describe that Pernarth uses its assets more effectively to produce sales and profit. 2. Efficiency of operation, displayed by the Operating Profit/Sales ratio, Cost of Sales/Sales ratio, Sales/Stock ratio, Expenses/Sales ratio, and Sales/Stock ratio. These ratios describe that Pernarth's require less cost and expenses to produce equal sales number and profits compare to Aberdare's. 3. Liquidity of the mini market, displayed by the Interest Cover ratio, Gearing ratio, Current ratio, and Quick ratio. There ratios describe that Pernarth mini market require less debts compare to Aberdare mini market to run the business. II.2. Weaknesses Aberdare As stated before, compare to Pernarth, Aberdare mini market display a slightly poorer performance. Most of the ratios display only small difference between the two store, however, significant different appears on Sales/Current Asset ratio, Sales/Stock ratio, Interest cover, Gearing and Quick ratio. The Interest Cover and Gearing ratio indicate that Aberdare has too much debt within its financial structure. The Sales/Current Assets ratio, Sales/Stock ratio and Quick ratio on the other hand, describe that the mini market employ too much current asset on the current year, especially too much stock. Pernarth The mini market is superior according to any measurement of the financial ratios, however, in real numbers, the mini market does not seem to generate as much sales and profit as Aberdare. Thus, relating to the fact that Pernarth is the most profitable

Research Paper on Criminal Profiling Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On Criminal Profiling - Research Paper Example This approach is used by professionals in the criminal justice system in identifying and capturing criminals. Often, criminal profiling is conducted by the forensic psychologists who provide criminal profile to the police departments to help in apprehending of the criminals (Kocsis, 2010). Statistical evidence, psychology, and crime scene analysis are combined in developing a personality type that fits well with the committed crime. Criminal profiling is in most cases used in helping investigators to apprehend serial killers and psychopaths who may otherwise go free (Canter, 2004). In addition, it helps in catching other types of offenders such as rapists and arsonists. The approach helps to label the offenders or perpetrators as disorganized, organized, or mixed. Criminal profiling is not only essential in finding potential offenders, but also in narrowing down the offenders’ list already compiled by the police (Devery, 2010). This paper will discuss criminal profiling by cri tiquing the foundations of criminal profiling and by comparing and contrasting inductive versus deductive profiling. 1) Critique the Foundations of Criminal Profiling Criminal profiling has proved to be an important tool in controlling of crime in recent years. Prior to the inception of criminal profiling, criminal investigators mainly relied on the physical evidence to identify and apprehend criminals (Holmes and Holmes, 2009). However, this changed after the inception of criminal profiling that provided advanced techniques in developing theories and compiling evidence based on the of patterns of criminal behavior, crime scene evidence, criminal’s socioeconomic background, motives of crime, and psychological aspects of violent crime (Alison et al, 2010). The foundations of criminal foundations since its inception aimed at detecting and classifying the major behavioral and personality characteristics of a person based on the crime analysis or the crimes that have been committ ed (Holmes and Holmes, 2009). The first foundation of criminal profiling is determining offender characteristics by using the process of assimilation phase where all the available information relating to crime scene, witnesses, and victim is examined. Police reports, autopsy reports, witness statements, victim profiles, and photographs of the crime scene are important aspects of this process (Kocsis, 2010). Criminal profiling is also founded on the principle of classification which involves integration of collected information into a framework that classifies the offender as organized, disorganized, or mixed. Organized offenders are those that plan their crimes, leave little forensic clues or evidence, exhibit advanced social skills, and display some element of control over the victim through the use of social skills (Canter, 2004). On the other hand, disorganized offender is the one that exhibit few social skills, has haphazard behavior, attempts to avoid detection, lack planning, impulsive, and the offenses committed are deemed opportunistic. Additionally, integration of information would classify the offender as mixed offender who exhibits some elements of organized and disorganized offenders (Alison et al, 2010). In addition to classification, criminal profiling is also founded on the notion that there is need for the reconstruction of the crime behavioral sequence. Following classification

2008 Economic Crisis in the U.S. and media connection Assignment

2008 Economic Crisis in the U.S. and media connection - Assignment Example While millions of people have spent their lives adhering to this American dream, there have been periods throughout our history where tireless amounts of work and sacrifice have not been able to stop the economy of this nation from crashing down upon the very people who work endlessly to build it. Nearly five years ago, 2008 was no exception as the core of the American economy crumbled beneath the people of this nation who were standing upon it to bolster their careers, their lives and their homes. As this recession immediately spurred talk of the next Great Depression, the American people as well as the rest of the world watched in varying states of horror as the media depicted an economic downfall which the country was not prepared for. The purpose of this paper is to establish that the America people give the media almost an absolute power in determining what we believe, see, think and feel about the world around us. In order to demonstrate the proposed goal of this literary work, the following pages will first define the â€Å"economic crisis† the country faced and then will break into discussions on how the media covered the events which unfolded in the midst of such a crisis at both a national and international level. Economic Crisis Upon its arrival, the 2008 economic crisis left families decimated and crippled the financial outlook of this nation. As soon as the reality of what was happening became apparent, the media became fixated with determining a cause and definition for this crisis. Initially after the crisis, news media turned to the experts and featured a high number of guest experts who could immediately pinpoint causes of the economic situation. One such example comes from the Accuracy in Media group with a guest column from financial expert James Davis. According to Davis, an international bank analyst, the complete downfall which caused the 2008 financial crisis was caused by faulty bank lenders (2008). From a media perspective, using these analysts in such a heavy rotation placed incredible emphasis on their words to the public. Essentially, whatever reasoning these analysts were giving were becoming the scapegoats of the financial crisis with heavy rotation of media coverage. In 2011, the New York Times was able to compile and pinpoint key causes of this economic crisis. According to the article, the economic crisis can be defined as the combination of â€Å"widespread failures in government regulation, corporate mismanagement and heedless risk-taking by Wall Street,† (Chan, 2011). In addition to these components, the New York Times also highlights that the key parts of these economic failures included a factor of American life which affected nearly all people in the country – the real estate market. As Chan wrote, the economic crisis can be defined as a â€Å"calamitous concoction – shoddy mortgage lending, excessive packaging and sale of loans to investors and risky bets on securities b acked by the loans† (2011). With the gravity of the situation recognized by news organizations, the chain of events was quickly dubbed an â€Å"economic crisis† as the amount of families standing to lose their homes was staggering. According to Baily, Litan and Johnson in â€Å"The Origins of he Financial Crisis,† the issues which were at the center of the economic crisis included faulty lending practices in the form of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) and allowing homebuyers to purchase homes with no money down, substandard financial portfolios and credit default swaps (2008). As the housing market buckled in the wake this crisis, financial panic spread through America with

The Importance of Nature to Spirituality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Importance of Nature to Spirituality - Essay Example Writers following this tradition sought to find meaning within the natural world that seemed lost within the created world of the humans. However, the way they did this changed depending on their position in time and space. Blake lived from 1757 to 1827 and saw the beginning of the industrial revolution and the growth of the factories. He was aware of the dangers of this growth and saw some of the destruction it brought about, but he lived in England where some of the cities had already had long histories and the erosion of nature didn't seem so dramatic as places such as America where much of the land was still relatively untamed and all of the architecture was new. Wordsworth was an American poet who lived from 1770-1850. The changes that were taking place in America were similar to those happening in Europe, but seemed more dramatic. Both of these poets worked within the same literary movement to emphasize the importance of nature in poems such as "Tyger" and "The World is Too Muc h With Us" respectively. In poems such as "Tyger," Blake focuses on his own individual way of seeing the world and on the emotions these investigations brought out. This is in keeping with the then emerging Romantic movement which placed a great deal of emphasis on emotional feeling, particularly as it was inspired by nature. This emphasis on emotional feeling is seen in "Tyger" as Blake starts the poem with two exclamatory statements: "Tyger! Tyger!" (1) and infuses them with a strong image in the darkness of the reader's mind: "burning bright / In the forests of the night" (1-2). Most of the poem is written with the intention of creating a sense of awe around the creature that is the focal point of the poem and continues to force the reader's attention on this concept. The tiger's features are described in deadly but beautiful detail, "In what distant deeps or skies / Burnt the fire of thine eyes?" (5-6), in such a way as to constantly focus the attention on its emotional impact. At the same time, these statements are phrased in the form of rhetorical questions that naturally cause the mind to start trying to answer them and thus considering the images more carefully. This same emphasis on the emotions is found in Wordsworth's poem as he opens his poem with a sense, a feeling, that there is something missing in the new modern life of the cities. "The world is too much with us; late and soon, / Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers" (1-2). Before the reader is even certain what it is that Wordsworth is talking about, it is clear that he is feeling a sense of emptiness in daily life and a sense of having little energy or interest in this life. This is also in keeping with his personal times. Although Blake was writing at a time when the industrial revolution was having the same effect on his homeland as Wordsworth, Wordsworth wrote in a place where it seemed the factories and cities were taking over all of the natural beauty of the world, burying it un der concrete. It seemed inevitable to most writers of his time and he rightly mourns the loss. He says "We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! / ... / For this, for everything, we are out of tune" (4, 8). Although Blake's creation is filled with the profound emotion of awe, Wordsworth's demonstrates a profound sense of loss. However, both poets discover a sense of natural feeling inherent in the images they produce for their readers and both keep this emotion at the forefront of their poems. Within his poem, Blake focuses on an element of the ‘supernatural’ as something that existed outside the realm of everyday experience, another key characteristic of

2008 Economic Crisis in the U.S. and media connection Assignment

2008 Economic Crisis in the U.S. and media connection - Assignment Example While millions of people have spent their lives adhering to this American dream, there have been periods throughout our history where tireless amounts of work and sacrifice have not been able to stop the economy of this nation from crashing down upon the very people who work endlessly to build it. Nearly five years ago, 2008 was no exception as the core of the American economy crumbled beneath the people of this nation who were standing upon it to bolster their careers, their lives and their homes. As this recession immediately spurred talk of the next Great Depression, the American people as well as the rest of the world watched in varying states of horror as the media depicted an economic downfall which the country was not prepared for. The purpose of this paper is to establish that the America people give the media almost an absolute power in determining what we believe, see, think and feel about the world around us. In order to demonstrate the proposed goal of this literary work, the following pages will first define the â€Å"economic crisis† the country faced and then will break into discussions on how the media covered the events which unfolded in the midst of such a crisis at both a national and international level. Economic Crisis Upon its arrival, the 2008 economic crisis left families decimated and crippled the financial outlook of this nation. As soon as the reality of what was happening became apparent, the media became fixated with determining a cause and definition for this crisis. Initially after the crisis, news media turned to the experts and featured a high number of guest experts who could immediately pinpoint causes of the economic situation. One such example comes from the Accuracy in Media group with a guest column from financial expert James Davis. According to Davis, an international bank analyst, the complete downfall which caused the 2008 financial crisis was caused by faulty bank lenders (2008). From a media perspective, using these analysts in such a heavy rotation placed incredible emphasis on their words to the public. Essentially, whatever reasoning these analysts were giving were becoming the scapegoats of the financial crisis with heavy rotation of media coverage. In 2011, the New York Times was able to compile and pinpoint key causes of this economic crisis. According to the article, the economic crisis can be defined as the combination of â€Å"widespread failures in government regulation, corporate mismanagement and heedless risk-taking by Wall Street,† (Chan, 2011). In addition to these components, the New York Times also highlights that the key parts of these economic failures included a factor of American life which affected nearly all people in the country – the real estate market. As Chan wrote, the economic crisis can be defined as a â€Å"calamitous concoction – shoddy mortgage lending, excessive packaging and sale of loans to investors and risky bets on securities b acked by the loans† (2011). With the gravity of the situation recognized by news organizations, the chain of events was quickly dubbed an â€Å"economic crisis† as the amount of families standing to lose their homes was staggering. According to Baily, Litan and Johnson in â€Å"The Origins of he Financial Crisis,† the issues which were at the center of the economic crisis included faulty lending practices in the form of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) and allowing homebuyers to purchase homes with no money down, substandard financial portfolios and credit default swaps (2008). As the housing market buckled in the wake this crisis, financial panic spread through America with

Paintings in art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paintings in art history - Essay Example Fifteenth-century artist Sandro Botticelli is noted for his lyrical, flowing style, often decorative and showing a certain elegance. The Florentine Renaissance became a cult of beauty, love and gratification of the senses, and Botticelli in both The Birth of Venus and Spring (Primavera) reflected this delicate and romantic Renaissance style, with Venus rising from the sea on an open shell, unclothed but demure, and later clothed at her coronation. Because these two paintings are different sizes, it was thought they did not belong together, but further analysis shows enough similarities to make them a set (â€Å"Analysis;† â€Å"Allegory†) At a time in Italian history when Florentine artists were enamored of mythology, Botticelli captured the essence of the myth. The elements in any composition are line, shape, color, pattern, value, form, texture, space. Those specifically attributed to the Sistine Chapel are 1) lines – direction of lines leads eye to specific ar ea of painting; 2) shape – height and width of shape creates an illusion on the ceiling panels; 3) space – the relationship of positive and negative space affects impact and unity; 4) color – bright, dark, intense—implies texture through color, line, shading, repetition and pattern. Michelangelo began painting the Sistine Chapel in 1508 and completed it in 1512, almost single-handedly. The four main elements that define the vaulted ceiling of the Chapel are, as noted, line, shape, color, and pattern. The ceiling is painted in panels, with circles., squares, and triangles framing the different panels. Colors, bright and dark, lead the eye to the focus in each panel. The technique is fresco. There are nine central panels illustrating and interpreting stories from Genesis in a specific pattern ("Michelangelo"). Albrecht Drer Albrecht Drer was a painter and engraver who was best known for his woodcuts and prints. His etching work was meticulous with special focus on color in his paintings. He was influenced by Leonardo da Vinci's studies of the human figure and applied Leonardo's proportions to his own figures. Finished form and richness of conception, as well as perspective and proportion are characteristics of his work along with color and energy (Ponich). Rembrandt Rembrandt van Rijin is noted for his transfiguration of experience into art. It is his inner emotions as represented in his art that makes him unique. He was highly influenced by Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titan in their depiction of the human form, but he is a multi-faceted artist, excelling as a painter and an inspired graphic artist and etcher. He painted, drew and etched portraits, landscapes, figures, and animals, but above all scenes of biblical and secular history and mythology. Although also known for his self-portraits, his most famous works show his ability to expand his subject matter. One of his best known paintings is called "Night Watch" although it has since been found to be a daytime scene. His art symbolizes a whole period of art history rightfully known as "Holland's Golden Age" ("Rembrandt"). Romanticism Romanticism (1800-1850) unlike its opposite, classicism, has a storytelling, epic quality that extends to music, painting, and literature. Richard Wagner's music evokes feelings of power and dread, with its emphasis on emotion and great freedom of form. It was his aim to offer a complete synthesis of the arts in his music. According to Alfred Einstein in "Music in the Romantic Era, A History of Musical Thought in the 19th Century (New York, 1947), "[Wagner] was the first to

Outline and evaluate the learning theory of attachment Essay Example for Free

Outline and evaluate the learning theory of attachment Essay The learning theory of attachment focuses of two concepts; operant and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning as an explanation for attachment describes the baby receiving food (and unconditioned stimulus) and producing an unconditioned response (happiness) and the mother feeding the baby will be the neutral stimulus. The baby will then experience the mother giving them food (and therefore happiness) a number of times and then learn to associate the mother (now a conditioned stimulus) with the feeling of happiness (a conditioned response) and thus an attachment will form. Operant conditioning describes attachment as a reinforced response. When a baby gets food its discomfort will become happiness and the baby will associate this feeling with food and therefore food will become the primary reinforcer. The person feeding the baby will also be associated with the happiness and therefore become the secondary reinforcer and an attachment will form. (evaluate) Even though the learning theory of attachment provides an adequate explanation of attachment it is flawed. Research evidence, such as that of Harlows monkey study, opposes the idea of learning theory as an explanation of attachment. Harlows monkey study involved giving a baby monkey the choice of either food or comfort (food was portrayed by a wire monkey with a feeding bottle attached to it and comfort was portrayed by a wire monkey covered in cloth). According to the learning theory of attachment the monkey should have spent most of his time on the food monkey, however the opposite was true the monkey spent the majority of his time on the comfort monkey. This decreases the validity of the learning theory of attachment as an explanation for attachment because the findings of Harlows monkey study opposed what it suggested. However, the monkey study was conducted on monkeys and it could be argued that this is not an accurate representation of human attachment. Humans are a lot more c omplex than animals and so therefore research on animals to study behaviour cannot be applied to human behaviour. Outline and evaluate the learning theory of attachment (12 marks) A GRADE (outline)

Brazil Films and National Politics †City of God

Brazil Films and National Politics – City of God Brazil Films and National Politics – City of God Introduction: Culture and Politics: Culture in all its form happens to be the mirror of the society and the political scenario. Since ages primitive and ancient, intellectuals have used the platform of culture as the media through which they have vented their feelings regarding the popular happenings that have been enveloping them. Various types of literary movements and literary works, both novels and poems have been created by literary geniuses of various eras that have been showcasing the popular norms of every contemporary age. These literary works have along with reflecting the popular social and political order of the day had also become a very convenient stage where resistance and revolution against the same had been declared. Such stages often proved to be successful due to their immense social reach and appeal. With the innovation of motion pictures we see that culture and art did find a new dimension. Soon the creative geniuses of the arena of film making did use the various raging conte mporary political and social issues as the protagonist of their film plots to churn out some of the most influential films of all times. It has been often observed that the various trending cinema does reflect some of the most recent issues that happens to be coloring the current social and political condition and in turn these films also has a major influence in shaping up the future trends in the arena of politics, society and also the future patterns of culture. Discussion: Brazil as a Nation: America is often referred to as the pot boiler of cultures and it is one for sure. Out of the country the Americas or the Latin American countries are the ones that happens to be standing out in the said genre. Brazil is one of the most noteworthy countries of the Latin America both in terms of its geographical area and the population volume. In this context we see that Brazil which is officially the Federative Republic of Brazil is in fact the largets country in South America as well as the Latin American area. The nation is the World’s fifth largets country in terms of the area and the population mass and is again one of the largest Portugese speaking nation in the world and is the only Portuguese speaking country in the Latin American region. The nation is bound by the Atlantic Ocean on the eastern side and has a coastline that stretches for a distance of bout 7491 km. The borders of the nation touch the borders of most of the nations in the Latin Americ an region other than the nations of Ecuador and the Chile. The nation as a whole happens to occupy nearly 47.3 percent of the South American Continent. The nation has a long history of very tumulus political conditions that had been affected by the various change of political authorities which has also been interim by very violent outburst and civil security uncertainty. In the current times we see that the political instability of the country has some what abed and the country has seemed to found its long sought political stability. However even in the present scenario it could be said that the index of violent crime in the country is quite high especially the instances of gun violence and homicide is quite large in number. In the year 2012, the WHO estimated a number of 32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants that has been stated to be the highest rate of intentional homicide in the entire world. The nation is however not very unanimous in its crime index in all the parts of the nation. Certain parts of the country seem to have a comparatively larger index of crime instances than the others. Brazil in fact has the third highest prison population in the world. The whole phenomenon clearly reveals that the number of criminals in he country is quite surging, which in fact happens to be reflecting the loop holes and the vices of the political and the economic systems of the nation. Brazilian Film Industry: Brazil again as an economy is quite vast and diversified. In fact it could be said that the national economy is a vastly researched and investigated arena with in the social structure of Brazil. Out of the various industries that do exist within the super structure of the Brazilian economy, the industry of film making in the contemporary times happens to be no insignificant stream. The Brazilian cinema wsa introduced in the country by the early 20th century. The stream did not happens to be an immediate success but at the same time we see that with time the stream did establish itself not just as a popular form of entertainment but also at the same time it again became a consolidated form of revenue generating source. The Brazilian fim making industry has seen its own ups and downs and for a long time has been dependant on the state funding and incentives programs. The Brazilian fil industry did come into operations as early as the late 1890s. The initial bla ck and white filsm that were made had been mainly on the local events that had taken place in the contemporary Brazilian society. In this case we again see that the later age films that were made and were the first of its class of fictional works and were known as the posed films were mainly fabricated on the local events of crimes and other political agenda. The first success of this genre was Francisco Marzullo’s â€Å"Os Estrabguladores† that had been released in the year 1906. As mentioned earlier the film industry of the nation was considerably supported by the State and the government. Much amount of the funding and the economic investment into the creation of the films were mainly made by the state as a result of which we see that the control of the government over the various facets of film making was again quite strong. This is a trend that in the later ages did happens to wan. In the later ages it was in fact found that slowly the investment of the state and the government into the film making operations did diminish considerably as a result of which we see that the slowly the art and the genre of making and producing films and cinema became an independent genre and we see that the government and state say and opinions were many times not given the chief importance. As a result of same we see that though the control of the government and the State authorities did not erase completely yet, Brazilian cinema did evolve as an independent form of art and creativity, that reflected the moral and the social and the political matters and issues in the contemporary context and also did attract attention of the common population just as the political heads towards the reigning problems of the nation. City of Gods (2002): From the huge labyrinth of the various films that has been made in the Brazilian context and in the same industry, in the article we will be throwing a flood of light on the film City of God that was called in Portuguese Cidade de Deus. The film was Brazilian crime drama that was directed by Fernando Meirelles and was again co directed by Katia Lund. The film was released in the homeland in the year 2002 and overseas in 2003. The film story was adapted by a novel of the same name however the plot of the film was influenced by certain events of the contemporary society. The film through its storyline does depict the growth of organized crime that could be seen in the region of Cidade de Deus or the suburbs of the capital city of Rio De Janeiro. The film era is that between 1960s to the 1980s. The climax of the film shows a war between the drug dealers and the Knockout Ned. The tagline of the film happens to showcase the contemporary situation of the Brazilian soci ety where the rate of crime happens to be quite high – that clearly reflects the idea that one is damned if he runs and is again damned if he does not. The Film was a world wide success and also attained world wide critical acclaim. Relevant against the National Backdrop: As mentioned earlier the Brazilian nation and also its culture is quite a fusion and has seen a large number of changes. Once again we see that the nation and its society even in the current times happen to face some very violent instances of crime and transgression. It is against the same backdrop that the film â€Å"City of Gods† have been depicted that set against the contemporary times happens to show case brilliantly the various ills and vices that happens to rest in the society of Brazil. Although the time pace of the film is not exactly current, nevertheless the current state of criminal violence and frivolities have been very aptly depicted in the film, that in its trails also highlights the various shortcomings and the loopholes of the political system of the nation. In this context it would not be completely wrong to point out that the various crimes that do take place in the context of the Brazilian society also has a strong i nput from the various wrong tremnds of the political scenario. In this context we see that the cinema City of Gods along with portraying the ills of crime, gang war and the vicious cycle of drugs that is prevalent in the nation also within it scope portrays the corrupt political super structure that happens to be fostering crime and anarchy. Hence the popular depiction not juts made the common population all the more aware of their own misery but at the same time did again attract the attention of the political and the economic elite that did turn their attention towards the problem of the Hybrid society of Brazil. Effect on the National Politics: Although many people of the international world beliefs that the Brazilian cinema is nothing more than the earlier comedies such as the chanchadas or the exotic sun bathed sea beaches that will be showcasing sun tanned bodies against the backdrop of a tropical paradise. Although this type of cinemam is not diffiocult to find in the Brazilian arena, nevertheless we see that Brazilian films in its maximum part is quite unflinching, confrontational and often on the brink of exteremely violent. In fact many critiques happens to say that Brazilian cinema is the most radical form of cinema. In fact it is the platform where the struggle for the country’s identity is activated and fought. City of God is far from being the escapism cinemamthat would export its audience to a world of color and fantasy and quite unlike the Carmen Miranda films. Like the Brazilian cinema history this film again has a more tilt and inclination towards solemn film making, th at brings the attention of the national political figure heads towards the regining problems and the ragiung issues of the era. This again has helped the political heads of the nation to have better understanding and gain insight into the psyche of the common people and the weay they happens to be viewing their nation and its society and the life that is offered to them by the both. In a correspondence to the same the national leaders could take the required and the decisive steps that would be fortifying the security and the civil peace issues of the nation, that would be curtailing the growth of crime and would be restoring a much more stable and peaceful social life for the population of the nation, that again will be much more conducive for the growth of the nation and its people at the very same time. Conclusion: On a concluding note it could be said that cinema is nothing but a popular portrayal of the common life and the common population. The trending phenomenon and the reigning agendas are often found to be the central issues of the films. In the recent times we see that films in maximum cases can be divided into two genres – the commercial and the influential. The commercial cinema is more into fantasy and fictional where as the influential films does cast the existing trends in the society and often creates ripples in the political level as well. The film City of Gods happens to be such a film that did depict the evils of crime in the Brazilian society with a lot of craft and in depth style, which in its totality again not just reflects the political system of the country but also influences the operational patterns of the same.

Use of Rhetorical Strategies in Richard Wright’s Autobiography, Black Boy :: Wright Black Boy Essays

Use of Rhetorical Strategies in Richard Wright’s Autobiography, Black Boy Richard Wright grew up in a bitterly racist America. In his autobiography Black Boy, he reveals his personal experience with the potency of language. Wright delineates the efficacious role language plays in forming one’s identity and social acceptance through an ingenious use of various rhetorical strategies. Richard’s own identity as well as his personal identification of others is formed through language. For example, in Richard’s encounter with the Yankee, Richard used language to fill up the â€Å"yawning, shameful gap.† He uses personification to emphasize the awkwardness of their conversation. This awkwardness was a result of the Yankee’s probing questions. Richard described it as an â€Å"unreal-natured† conversation, but, paradoxically, he also admits, â€Å"of course the conversation was real; it dealt with my welfare.† The Yankee man then tried to offer Richard a dollar, and spoke of the blatant hunger in Richard’s eyes. This made Richard feel degraded and ashamed. Wright uses syntax to appropriately place the conversation before making his point in his personal conclusions. In the analogy, â€Å"A man will seek to express his relation to the stars†¦that loaf of bread is as important as the stars† (loaf of bread being the metonymy for food), Wright concludes â€Å" it is the little things of life â€Å" that shape a Negro’s destiny. An interesting detail is how Richard refuses the Yankee’s pity; he whispers it. From then on, Richard identified him as an enemy. Thus, through that short, succinct exchange of words, two identities were molded. Language is also pivotal in determining Richard’s social acceptance. For instance, Mr. Olin, a white man tries to probe Richard into fighting another black boy. Richard was disturbed. He uses contrast to show his disturbance, â€Å"the eye glasses†¦were forgotten. My eyes were on Mr. Olin’s face.† A certain dramatic irony exists exists when Richard asks, â€Å"Who was my friend, the white man or the black boy?† The reader knows it is the black boy. Wright uses detail such as Mr. Olin’s â€Å"low, confidential,† voice to create an apocryphally amiable tone. If Richard complies with Mr. Olin’s deceiving language, he would gain the social acceptance of the white men. If not, he would be ostracized as a pariah. Wright uses a metaphor, â€Å"my delicately balanced world had tipped† to show his confusion.

Comparison And Contrast Of Lit Essay -- essays research papers

The view point of an author can be determined easily by comparing works of the same basic plots and characters. Also by contrasting the same two works is equally as important. “Little Red Riding Hood'; by Charles Perrault and Angela Carter’s “The Company of Wolves'; are perfect examples. The writer’s purpose, characterization, and readability shows one of many ways of pinpointing the author’s bias.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clearly Carter and Perrault show a bias with the characters in their stories. Carter’s main character being a female whom is clever, strong, and an in-depth thinker who is always thinking ahead. This shows that the author was probably writing during the women’s movement, where women began entering the work place and becoming more than mere objects or at home mothers. On the other hand Perrault’s view of a young innocent child, shows with the outcome that one should learn their lesson from this story. This was typical prior to the modern age when stories were lessons learned. There were religious implications noted in Carter’s work where Perrault did not. For example “she is dressed and ready and it is Christmas Eve,'; (820) and another example “you must run as if the Devil is after you.';(820) Yet another phrase that relates to the Devil states, “They say there’s an ointment the Devil gives you that turns you into a wolf t...

Real Juice Analysis

Market With an annual consumption of more than 300 million litres (Source: Tetrapak India Study), fruit juice is not an alien concept for the Indian market. However, a very large part of the Indian consumer today feels alienated when fruit juice is packaged. Perhaps, that is why packaged juice accounts for only between 15% and 20% of the total juice consumption in India. Compared to the West, packaged fruit juice penetration, at just 4%, is still very low (Source: NRS 2005). Symbolised by the orange fruit, packaged juices and nectars are driven by fresh juice made at home and popularised by the street-side juice vendor. Dabur Foods Limited (DFL) has always taken an uncompromising stand on these consumer barriers and has consistently been thinking out of the box for the last nine years, with a resolve to innovate and evolve new products. The Real concept of sweetened juices grew from the insight that Indian consumers preferred juice sweetened – not bitter as is commonly available in the West. It innovated variants like Litchi and Guava and also introduced the latest packaging technologies in the Indian market. These innovations, driven through Real and its sub-brands, have become accepted paradigms for the industry. Innovations, coupled with rising affluence and the justarrived consuming class have injected new life into this Rs. 300 crore (US$ 66. 7 million) market – today growing at 40% per annum. Achievements With an innovative range, Real has driven the growth of the packaged fruit juice market in India. Along with its sub-brands, Real commands a market share of more than 50% in the packaged juices and nectars market (Source: ACNielsen, December 2005), achieving for itself a position of an undoubted category leader. The most important achievement of Real has been introducing the taste dimension into a category traditionally driven by health and dogood properties. With Real, DFL was also able to segment the market early, thus effectively creating a differentiated niche in the no-added sugar juice category with its sub-brand, RealActiv. The success of this variant was demonstrated in numbers, when Real-Activ garnered two-thirds share in the no-added sugar juice category within six months of its re-launch in 2005 (Source: Tetrapak India). Today, Real and its sub-brands retail across 100,000 retail outlets and 4000 food-services accounts, selling approximately 4. 5 million packs every month to more than one million consumers. Testimony to Real’s achievements has come from various quarters. While a host of brands – domestic and international – have entered this high growth market in the last few years, Real continues to be the brand consumers trust the most. In this context, Real won the Platinum award in the 9th Reader's Digest Trusted Brands Survey in the Juice category, for the year 2006. A Platinum award means that Real achieved a rating score of more than three times its nearest competitor. Since 2002, Real has been consistently winning the award for the Highest Sales Growth achieved by a brand in a non-dairy product category, at the National Dairy and Beverage seminar – Innovation for Growth – organised by Tetrapak. History The introduction of Real fruit juices and nectars was triggered by a personal unmet need of Amit Burman, the CEO of DFL who, on returning to India after working in the US, found the absence of packaged fruit juices frustrating. Traditionally, drinking fruit juices in urban India has been a social indulgence or consumed for seeking health benefits. DFL foresaw the imminent inflection point in this consumer behaviour, glimpses of which were already being witnessed in rapid urbanisation, growth in income and lifestyle changes. Also Dabur was in an ideal position to grow on the potential of the processed foods category. Its understanding of the Indian consumer, experience in managing natural foods and expertise in creating and marketing successful consumer brands was a rare mix that gave it a cutting edge. Acknowledging these positive indicators, DFL introduced the Real range in 1996 as India’s first completely natural, healthy, packaged fruit juice with no preservatives. The value add-ons revolved around several factors – ready availability of great tasting, natural, preservativefree juices in a range of fruit variants, availability in all seasons; convenience of open-pour-anddrink packaging; complete hygiene; and a healthy beverage option that gave consumers more choice. Recognising the trend that an increasing number of Indians were eating out, DFL also identified the institutional opportunity much earlier. In fact as early as 1998, Dabur became the first fruit juice company to set up a separate food services division to cater to the institutional segment. This division also partners and develops customised solutions for hotels, 156 SUPERBRANDS airlines, restaurants, caterers and hospitals. However, the road to success for Real was not a smooth one. It had to understand the very special Indian nuance of adding sugar to fruit juice extracted at home. The second learning was the fact that Indian consumers believe that packaged juices are inferior and become stale over time and that chemicals are added to extend shelf-life. Dabur invested considerably in convincing consumers that Real fruit juice was natural, preservativefree, healthy and convenient. But perhaps, the biggest challenge was developing a food-sensitive warehouse-management training programme at all levels of the channel to ensure that the freshest product reached the market. Recent Developments In recent times, Real’s single most important endeavour has been to drive relevance through segmentation and widen brand appeal. With a view to attract consumers of fruit drinks into Real’s portfolio, Real Mango Twist was launched in 2005. Mango Twist is a unique blend of mango nectar with other fruit juices. It is available in two variants – Mango Orange and Mango Papaya. In the no-added sugar category, Real-Activ offers a range of healthy fruit variants like Orange and Apple and fruit-vegetable blend juices such as Orange-Carrot, Mixed Fruit-Beetroot-Carrot and Mixed Fruit-Cucumber-Spinach. Coolers, a range of summer fruit drinks is an occasion-led variant of Real, which offers variants made from fruits known for their cooling properties. It is currently available in four variants – Aampanna, Watermelon-Mint, Lemon-Barley and Rose-Litchi. Product Targeted at the family, Real offers the largest range of fruit variety in its juice and nectar range. It has consistently innovated to re-define and strengthen its position in the Indian market. Real not only offers the most basic and generic-to-category variants like Orange and Mango, but also an assortment of varieties like Pineapple, Mixed Fruit, Grape, Tomato and fruit nectars like Guava and Litchi. On the more exotic side, Real also has Cranberry nectar. Research conducted by Blackstone Market Facts found that Real was preferred by over 50% of the respondents. Real was liked for being the better tasting juice – a category where likeability is primarily driven by taste. Ensuring that batch after batch of the right taste is delivered to the end consumer, DFL has instituted an internal taste panel, which evaluates every new product before it is sent out for product test or test marketing. DFL also recognised very early that packaging was the cornerstone of innovation in this category. This was even more critical in today’s environment where packaging has become so integral to the whole product experience and marketing communication. DFL was the first company to introduce cap on-pack. This enabled consumers the flexibility of re-use even as the cap helped retain freshness. Real uses the Tetrapak spin cap, cold fill technology and spill-proof double seal cap for packaging. This technology protects the juice and keeps it fresh longer. The spin cap also makes it convenient to pour the juice without spillage. In introducing Real-Activ, Dabur became the first juice brand in India to offer the Tetra Prisma packaging format, which is easy-to-open and has better pouring control. ability to effectively use innovative merchandising opportunities and promotions at a local level – for example, merchandising Real at fruit kiosks – to draw out the association with fruits strongly and communicate the key brand benefit of ‘As good as eating a fruit’. Promotion At DFL, the belief is that brand equity can be developed by promotions that are strategic. The advertising campaign for Real communicates the key brand benefit of ‘As good as eating a fruit’. While the family consumes the brand, the child is always at the centre of any communication. Besides the mainline communication, Real has also accomplished some innovative consumer promotions. Real Taste Challenge, for instance, was an interesting way to communicate the core benefits of Real and reinforce the brand’s core position. It involved asking consumers to identify the fruit by tasting the juice. When consumers guessed correctly, they were offered a trial discount on purchase of a onelitre Real juice pack. The ‘Real Fruit ka Juice’ offer was an innovative national promotion in which consumers were invited to contribute fresh fruit in exchange for a pack of Real. The fruits collected at various centres were donated to local NGOs working for the cause of underprivileged children. With Real, DFL is also actively involved in conducting consumer education programmes to promote nutritional awareness. These programmes are conducted at various levels – schools, doctors, nutritionists and corporates. In schools, the communication is centred on the concept of Power of 5, which conveys the importance of a well balanced, nutritious packed lunch for school kids. The doctors and nutritionists' programme is focused around the role of a septic technology in fruit juices, the benefits of packaged juices and about nutrition and safety. The corporate programme, on the other hand, addresses the role of fruit juices in building a healthy lifestyle and importance of a nutritious diet in disease prevention. One of the biggest assets for Real has been its teams’ Brand Values A housewife has succinctly put the essence of Real during a focus group session – â€Å"Real naam se hee lagta hai real juice hoga. † In the consumers’ mind, Real stands for authentic fruit juice, which defines the standard of taste and quality. As a brand, Real radiates originality; it offers the most novel products, fruit variants and a taste that the consumer is familiar with. The core essence of the brand is Original Goodness tangibly displayed by delivering healthy juices through tasty fruit variants. www. daburfoods. com THINGS YOU DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT Real Fruit Juice Real is India’s first packaged fruit juice brand. Real and its sub-brands served more than 140 million juice helpings last year. 75% of all mocktails served in India are made from Real juices. The number of packs sold by Real last year, laid side-by-side, would exceed India’s coastline of 7516 kilometres. Evolution of the Real packaging SUPERBRANDS 157

Attachment Theory

Can early insecure attachment doom the child to psychopathology in later life? Shaffer, (1993) defines attachment as a â€Å"close emotional relationship between two people two persons, characterised by mutual affection and desire to maintain proximity†. According to Browby, (1969) attachment behaviours are formed in infancy and help shape the attachment relationships people have as adults. Psychopathology’ refers to study of mental illness or mental health distress or the manifestation of behaviours and experiences that may be indicative of mental illness or psychological impairment (Allen, 1999).This essay will analyse how early insecure attachment doom the child to psychopathology in later life. The evaluation will show how attachment insecurity is a major contributor to mental disorders, and an amelioration of psychopathology. The critics of attachment will be analysed followed by a concise conclusion According to Bowlby, (1969) attachment begins in infancy and last s throughout a lifetime. A newborn baby immediately needs someone to take care of and Takahashi, (1999) both believed that this primary caregiver usually the mother, is the one that will most shape the child's personality and character within minutes of giving birth.It is important for the new parents and baby to be alone together right after the birth to establish an attachment bond. Elliot, (2003) assets that if there are too many individuals in the room right after birth, the natural process of attachment can be disrupted and this can have long-term effects on the relationship between the child and parents. Fathers, according Fraley, (2003) are expected also to establish a bond after the child is born. Researches reveal that fathers who have early contact with their child have a stronger bond with them in the months following the birth.Takahashi, (1999) commends that strong attachment between father and child is shown through physical contact. Fathers have a more physical relatio nship with the child while the mother's relationship is more verbal Takahashi, (1999). When the mother-infant interactions are observed, the mother is seen as nurturing and affectionate towards the infant, whereas father-infant interactions deal more with affiliation and play (Geiger, 1996). It has been shown that the fathers play interactions are more exciting and pleasurable to children than lay interactions with the mother (Geiger, 1996). Research reveals that parent-child bonds are most important in forming the child's personality (Allen, 1999). Insecure attachment doom the child to psychopathology in later life Bowlby, (1969) assets that human beings are born with an innate psychobiological system that motivates them to seek proximity to significant others in times of need. Bowlby, (1969) asserts that interactions with attachment figures promote a stable sense of attachment security and build positive mental representations of self and others.When a person’s attachment f igures is not reliably available and supportive, proximity seeking fails to relieve distress, felt security is undermined, negative models of self and others are formed, and the likelihood of later emotional problems and maladjustment increases (Harris, 1998).. Problems in emotional regulation, like relationship disturbances, are pervasive markers of psychopathology and such problems underlie most disorders of children and adults (Cole, 1994). Indeed, â€Å"emotional disturbance† often is used as a synonym for psychopathology.Emotional regulation is the defining feature of all close relationships and the central goal of early primary relationships (Sroufe, 1997). Anxious attachments do not cause later disorders; rather they initiate pathways for psychopathology. Psychopathology always is the result of the combination of risk and protective factors impacting on the individual's life over time (Schofield, 1999). Individual disturbance, in this view, begins as relationships are hypothesized to be the forerunners of many major childhood disorders and adult personality disorders as well.Relationship disturbances often precede the manifestation of individual pathology (Klaus, 1995). Moreover, relationship change has been shown to precede change and to influence the effect of other variables on psychopathology (Geiger, 1996) and this directly lead to a pathological outcome in a linear manner, yet it is certain that relationship experiences often are a crucial and waning of pathology. Research have established two basic dimensions of parenting as risk factors for psychopathology: (1) harsh treatment (hostility, criticality, ejection); and (2) lack of clear, firm discipline or supervision (Weiss, 1982). These factors together, and in interaction with other variables, are often especially predictive and at times capable of differentiating various pathological outcomes. Countless studies supported the view that child rejection, lack of support, and hostility are c onsistently related to depression (Klaus, 1995). Klaus, (1995) found that parental rejection and power assertive discipline predicted delinquent behaviour.Field, (1996) reported that aggressive treatment of children and low parental warmth predicted childhood depression (Elliot, 2003). Child maltreatment according to (Lynch, 1995) confirms that parental hostility and harshness is associated with conduct problems, disruptive behaviours disorders, attention problems, anxiety disorders (including PTSD and mood disorders. A study found that found that 9096 of children with an observed history of childhood maltreatment showed at least one diagnosable disorder at age 17'% years, compared to 3096 of the poverty control subjects who were not maltreated.Divorce, parental disharmony, and family violence all have been consistently associated with child behavioural and emotional problems (Brendgen, 2001). Such conditions are overlapping and numerous studies have shown children of divorce to hav e more problems than those in intact families (Harris, 1998). It is the case that behaviour problems often precede the divorce (Fraley, 2003) and that parental conflict is consistently found to be a stronger predictor of child maladjustment than marital status.Family violence has also been found to be associated with child pathology and numerous studies have documented a relation between a history of peer rejection and later maladjustment, both externalizing and internalizing problems (Pickover, 2002). Research has confirmed that infants with histories of secure attachment with their primary caregivers later are characterized by more effective self-regulation (Sroufe, 1997). Moreover, those with different kinds of anxious attachment histories behave in distinctive ways are unable to sustain interactions with peers, are disconnected from other children and/or how antipathy for them (Trowell, 1982). Those with anxious attachment histories have problems of one kind or another. Anxiety disorders are associated with histories of anxious attachment (Seiffge-Krenke, 1993) Aggression, and conduct disturbances have been found to be related to anxious/avoidant attachment Both resistant and avoidant attachment appear to be related to depression various aspects of emotional and cognitive experience (Klaus, 1995).When dealing with parental loss, one logical connection with psychoanalytic theory is disruption of parent-child bonds or dysfunctional relationships would lead to future impairments in the individual's capacity to develop relationships (Takahashi, 1999). Insecure attachment systems have been linked to psychiatric disorders, to which a child is especially susceptible after the loss of an attachment figure (Fraley, 2003).Children with insecure attachment patterns develop the inability to form secure attachments and react in a hostile, rejecting manner with their environment (Field, 1996). Severe attachment disorders cause the child to get close to an attachment fig ure, and then pull away before they can be rejected or they deem themselves unworthy in the eyes of the attachment figure (Field, 1996). Children with secure attachment patterns are capable of forming new attachment relationships while maintaining their current relationship with their parents (Weiss, 1982).Insecure children focus all of the attention on achieving a better relationship with their parents, therefore making it difficult to form new attachment relationships (Weiss, 1982). According to attachment theory, interactions with inconsistent, unreliable, or insensitive attachment figures interfere with the development of a secure, stable mental foundation; reduce resilience in coping with stressful life events; and predispose a person to break down psychologically in times of crisis (Geiger, 1996).Attachment insecurity can therefore be viewed as a general vulnerability to mental disorders, with the particular symptomatology depending on genetic, developmental, and environmental factors (Elliot, 2003). Brendgen, (2001) reviewed hundreds of cross-sectional, longitudinal, and prospective studies of both clinical and non-clinical samples and found that attachment insecurity was common among people with a wide variety of mental disorders, ranging from mild distress to severe personality disorders and even schizophrenia.Consistently results reveal that attachment insecurities of both the anxious and avoidant varieties are associated with depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Brendgen, 2001). Attachment insecurity is also a key feature of many personality disorders; however the specific kind of attachment insecurity differs across disorders (Trowell, 1982). Anxious attachment is associated with dependent, histrionic, and borderline disorders, whereas avoidant attachment is associated with schizoid and avoidant disorders (Trowell, 1982).Seiffge-Krenke, (1993) found that attachment anxiety i s associated with â€Å"emotional dysregulation a component of personality disorders, which includes identity confusion, anxiety, emotional liability, cognitive distortions, submissiveness, oppositionality, self-harm, narcissism, and suspiciousness. Seiffge-Krenke, (1993) also found that avoidant attachment is associated with â€Å"inhibitedness† component of personality problems, including restricted expression of emotions, problems with intimacy, and social avoidance.Another related issue concerning the associations between attachment insecurities and psychopathology is the extent to which attachment insecurities are a sufficient cause of mental disorders, such separation anxiety and pathological grief, in which attachment injuries are the main causes and themes, attachment insecurities are unlikely to be sufficient causes of mental disorders. Other factors e. g. genetically determined temperament; intelligence; life history and abuse converge to amplify the effects of att achment experiences on the way to psychopathology (Field, 1996).Many studies of large community samples have found no association between avoidant attachment and self-report measures of global distress, however, studies that focus on highly stressful events, such as exposure to missile attacks, living in a dangerous neighborhood, or giving birth to a handicapped infant, have indicated that avoidance is related to greater distress and poorer long-term adjustment (Allen, 1999). It has been noted that the association between attachment insecurity and depression is higher among adults with a childhood history of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse.People exposed to stressful life events; poverty, physical health problems, and involvement in turbulent romantic relationships during adolescence also strengthen the link between attachment insecurity and psychopathology (Harris, 1998). Attachment insecurities seem to contribute nonspecifically too many kinds of psychopathology (Trowell, 1982) however; particular forms of attachment insecurity seem to predispose a person to particular configurations of mental disorders.The attachment-psychopathology link is moderated by a large array of biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors, and mental disorders and may erode a person’s sense of attachment security. If attachment insecurities are risk factors for psychopathology, then the creation, maintenance, or restoration of a sense of attachment security should increase resilience and improve mental health. According to attachment theory, interactions with available and supportive attachment figures impart a sense of safety, trigger positive emotions and provide psychological resources for dealing with problems and adversities (Trowell, 1982).Takahashi, (1999) believed that parents should not be totally held responsible for the way their child develops. They should be held responsible to a point, because after all, they did give them their genes and they do have some influence. Children rely more on their social group in the shaping of their personality and development of psychopathology Also, Field (1996) argue that the mother is not always the primary attachment figure, so it cannot be assumed that she always will be.The causal links between attachment and psychopathology are also complicated and research findings show that psychological problems can increase attachment insecurity (Pickover, 2002). There is also preliminary evidence that a sense of security provided by a psychotherapist improves a client’s mental health. Pickover, (2002) found that a client’s positive appraisals of his or her therapist’s sensitivity and supportiveness predicted relief from depression and maintenance of therapeutic benefits.According to attachment theory and research, lack of parental sensitivity and responsiveness contributes to disorders of the self, characterized by lack of self-cohesion, doubts about one’s internal coherence and continuity over time, unstable self-esteem, and over-dependence on other people’s approval (Allen, 1999). Insecure people are likely to be overly self-critical, plagued by self-doubts, or prone to using defenses, such as destructive perfectionism, to counter feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness (Allen, 1999). According to attachment heory, recurrent failures to obtain support from attachment figure interfere with acquisition of social skills and create serious problems in interpersonal relations (Field, 1996). Fraley, (2003) using an assessment device â€Å"Inventory of Interpersonal Problems found that attachment anxiety was associated with more interpersonal problems in general and avoidant people generally had problems with nurturance and anxious people had problems with emotionality. According to Harris (1998) parents do not shape their child's personality or character.A child's peers have more influence on them than their parents e. g take children w hose parents were immigrants, a child can continue to speak their parent's native language at home, but can also learn their new language and speak it without an accent, while the parent’s accent remains. Children learn these things from their peers because they want to fit in (Harris, 1998). If a child is brought up in a crime-ridden area, they will be predisposed to committing these same kinds of crimes (Klaus, 1995) because of the high rate of peer pressure and because they want to fit in to the group.Even if the parents try to bring up their children the best way possible, chances are that if they associate with delinquents, they will become ones, but if you take a child headed down the wrong path and move him to new environment, chances are he will get himself on the right track, because he is trying to fit in with a new peer group (Harris, 1998). Children will not use everything that they learned from their parents. In some social settings, these lessons may not be corr ect or embarrassing to use.Children learn how to behave, for the most part, from other people in their social group. Adults do the same; they act more like people in their social groups rather than their parents. Children from the same parents reared in the same home are no more alike than if they were raised in separate homes. Even if parents try to raise two children the same way, they will still behave differently from each other (Harris, 1998). The model attachment is based on behaviors that occur during momentary separations (stressful situations) rather than during no stressful situations (Elliot, 2003).A broader understanding of attachment requires observation of how the mother and infant interact and what they provide for each other during natural, no stressful situations† (Field, 1996). How children and mothers interact together and not stressed shows more of how the attachment model works than how the child acts when the mother leaves and then returns. Behavioursâ₠¬â„¢ directed towards the attachment figure during departing and reunion times cannot be the only factor used when defining attachment (Elliot, 2003).Another problem with the attachment model is that the list of attachment behaviours are constricted to those that occur with the primary attachment figure, other attachments are not necessarily characterized by those same behaviours† (Field, 1996). Children have attachments to other people other than their mothers, but they do not show this attachment the same way (Geiger, 1996). The mother is viewed as the primary attachment figure, when in fact; a father or sibling can have the same type of attachment with the infant at the same time.This relates to adults having more than one principal attachment, such as to their spouse and child (Trowell, 1982). Attachment insecurities are associated with a wide variety of mental disorders, ranging from mild negative affectivity to severe, disorganizing, and paralyzing personality disorders. Evidence suggests that insecure attachment orientations are fairly general pathogenic states. Although many of the research findings supporting these ideas are co-relational, several studies show a prospective connection between attachments References Allen, J. (1999). Attachment in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P.Shaver (Eds. ), Handbook of attachment (pp. 319-335). New York: Guilford. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1). New York: Basic. Brendgen, M. (2001). The quality of adolescents' friendships: Associations with mothers' interpersonal relationships, attachments to parents and friends, and prosocial behaviors. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 429-445. Elliot, A. J. (2003). Attachment and exploration in adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 317-331. Field, T. (1996). Attachment and separation in young children. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 541-562. Fraley, R. C. (2003).Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically dist ributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior. Developmental Psychology, 39, 387-404. Geiger, B. (1996) Fathers as primary caregivers. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Harris, J. R. (1998). The nurture assumption: Why children turn out the way they do. New York: Free Press. Klaus, P. H. (1995). Bonding. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Pickover, S. (2002). Breaking the cycle: A clinical example of disrupting an insecure attachment system. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 24, 358-367. Seiffge-Krenke, I. (1993). Close friendship and imaginary companions in adolescence.Close friendships in adolescence (pp. 73-87). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schofield, G. (1999). Attachment theory, child maltreatment and family support. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Takahashi, K. (1999). Parental loss in childhood and social support in adulthood among psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 33, 165-169. Trowell, J. (1982). Effects of obstetric management on the mother-child relationship. The pl ace of attachment in human behavior (pp. 79-94). New York: Basic. Weiss, R. S. (1982). Attachment in adult life. The place of attachment in human behavior (pp. 171-184). New York: Basic.